2024-03-28T14:05:17Z
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/oai
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1
2024-01-27T14:16:40Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/10.21750/REFOR.1.10.10
doi
dc
Reforestation challenges in Southeast Europe facing climate change
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Devetaković, Jovana
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry
Projections of the regional climate model for Southeast Europe generally predict an increasing of temperature and a decrease in precipitation, with some local variations. Higher frequency of extreme weather events and increased flooding can also be expected. This climate change will, among other things, result in changes in habitats and species distribution, and a decrease in biodiversity. In most cases, forest ecosystems will be unable to adapt fast enough to keep pace with changes in climate. Extreme weather events and low precipitation during the growing season will cause high mortality of seedlings after planting. New forests will face the whole range of these changes because of the long lifetime of trees. Reforestation programs must take projections of climate change into consideration. In the long term, new guidelines for site-species matching, provenance selection, and genetic diversity need to be adopted. In the short term, site preparation, planting techniques, and post planting protection need to be improved. In addition, seedling quality (morphological, physiological, and genetic) and planting time need to be specific for each site. New site preparation, planting, and post-planting protection methods are useful tools for short term success measured in seedling survival and initial growth. Seedling quality is essential for short and long term success. Different strategies, such as assisted migration and increased genetic diversity of planting material, can provide better chances for long term success measured in growth, fitness, and capability to produce the next, better adapted generation.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/1
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Vladan Ivetić, Jovana Devetaković
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3
2024-01-27T14:16:37Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.1.15.15
doi
dc
Application of plants in remediation of contaminated sites
Stanković, Dragica M
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry
Devetaković, Jovana R
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry
The concern for environmental protection has existed since the time of first human civilization. As society develops, the chain of changes during the natural flow of processes in ecosystems has been supplemented by a new link - pollutants. They have an effect on all other members of the ecosystem (changes may be visible immediately or harder to spot), which leads to an extremely complex relationship with nature. The values of some parameters of pollutants reached an alarmingly high level. The tendency to reduce the risk of air, soil, water, plant, and animal pollution to a tolerable limit, which would salvage the environment and most importantly human health, became a global problem. Heavy metals as pollutants have been an interest of researchers for their conduct, especially in forest ecosystems, which has been expressed in the previous year's more than ever. With its numerous toxic effects, heavy metals are endangering the existence of plant species that live in already contaminated environments. This is all an argument regarding the fight of modern society that the emission of polluted materials gets reduced in order to avoid multiple negative effects, which can endanger the existence of living organisms in general, as an argument for the continuation of numerous researches that are conducted in this area. The monitoring of heavy metals is of significant importance because their toxicity and accumulations are vital for the ecosystem. Polluted soils can be reduced and they can restore their function using physical, chemical, and biological techniques. Physical and chemical methods are very expensive and cause mainly irreversible changes, thus destroying biological variety. The biological recovery of contaminated soil represents an efficient method of reducing health risks for both mankind and the ecosystem. For this purpose, biological indicators are used. Numerous researches have led to improvements of the initial idea about using plants as a remediation of the environment and the removal of different contaminants from contaminated medias into promising technologies of environmental protection under the title "Phytoremediation". This technology consists of the reduction of concentrations of polluted materials in polluted soils, water, or air. Plants have the ability to store, degrade, or eliminate metals, pesticides, solutions, explosives, and crude oils. Its derivatives and various other contaminants form mediums that contain them. This paper especially considers methods of the possibility of the usage and application of plants in restoring soil contaminated by heavy metals as well as other pollutants.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/3
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Dragica M Stanković, Jovana R Devetaković
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/4
2024-01-27T14:16:33Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.1.04.4
doi
dc
Restoration of Spanish pine plantations: A main challenge for the 21st century
Villar-Salvador, Pedro
Most of the Iberian Peninsula has a Mediterranean climate, which strongly determines the objectives, strategies and techniques of forest restoration. This communication addresses a main forest restoration challenge for Mediterranean-climate woodlands in Spain: the transformation of old monospecific pine plantations to more diverse, resistant and resilient forest systems. I also present how afforestation methods and some ideas on plant quality have evolved in the last 80 years. Productivity of Mediterranean forests is low, which discourages private owners to invest in woodland management. Therefore, woodland management strongly relies on public funds. Large-scale afforestation in the 20th century has created huge areas of monospecific pine plantations, which have been under thinned and are very simple structurally with almost no understory. The stands are very prone to fires, diseases and drought dieback. However, old pine plantations can facilitate the establishment of late successional trees and shrubs when properly thinned. Therefore, pine plantations are an opportunity for restoring several types of oak-dominated forests at a large scale and resources should invested to preserve and gradually transform these plantations into mixed forests. Funds should be invested in thinning progressively rather than to plant new areas. In many plantations close to oak forests remnants, thinning is the only management required. However, many pine plantations are far from seed sources and enrichment plantations together with thinning are needed. Extensive enrichment plantations are expensive. Therefore, an option is to develop a network of small islets strategically placed inside pine plantations and properly managed as seed foci to foster pine plantation colonization. This option is cheaper than conventional extensive low-density enrichment plantations but research is needed to assess its effectiveness for pine plantation transformation.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/4
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Pedro Villar-Salvador
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/5
2024-01-27T14:16:30Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.1.06.6
doi
dc
Drought and fire stress influence seedling competition in oak forests: fine-root dynamics as indicator of adaptation strategies to climate change
Montagnoli, Antonio
Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria
Terzaghi, Mattia
Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria
Baesso, Barbara
Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria
Santamaria, Rosaria
Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria
Scippa, Gabriella Stefania
Department of Sciences and Technologies for Environment and Territory (DISTAT), University of Molise
Chiatante, Donato
Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria
Increased summer drought and wildfires as a consequence of continuing climate change are expected to lead to disturbance of Mediterranean ecosystems. Seedlings recruitment is sensitive to both stresses and, therefore, any adaptation and restoration strategy devised to protect these forests should take into account a careful study on their effects on seedling development. As a substantial fraction of net primary productivity of forested ecosystems is channelled in the belowground compartments, the knowledge of how roots behave under stressful conditions becomes of primary importance to select the right management strategy to be implemented. This work tries to enlighten the events occurring in the fine root portion of the root system in young seedlings of three co-existing oak species (Quercus ilex, Quercus trojana and Quercus virgiliana) under controlled conditions. We have made a comparative analysis of the effect of these two stresses, alone or in combination, with the aim to evaluate the tolerance level of these seedlings and, therefore, to obtain an indication of their recruitment potential in the field. The parameters investigated were biomass and a number of morphological traits. Data obtained suggest that a decrease in diameter could be part of a tolerance strategy in all three oaks tested together with a reduction of root length. In addition, tolerance to water shortage could require a reduction of carbon allocated belowground, in particular in the very fine roots, which leads to an overall reduction of the root system dimension. Q. trojana seedlings seem to be the fastest in resuming growth after stress interruption but a good recovery was also found for the remaining two oak species. Although our study provides interesting information regarding a possible tolerance strategy taking place in the fine root compartment when seedlings of these three oak species undergo water stress and fire treatment, more information is needed before any suggestion can be made as to which species would be best suited to make these forests more resistant to global changes.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/5
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Antonio Montagnoli, Mattia Terzaghi, Barbara Baesso, Rosaria Santamaria, Gabriella Stefania Scippa, Donato Chiatante
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6
2024-01-27T14:16:27Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.1.05.5
doi
dc
Reforestation challenges in Scandinavia
Mattsson, Anders
Dalarna University
Department of energy, forests and built environments
In the keynote, major reforestation challenges in Scandinavia will be highlighted. The following countries make up Scandinavia: Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark. For Iceland, with only a forest cover of 2%, a major reforestation challenge is the deforestation and overgrazing in combination with land degradation and extensive soil erosion. The challenges include the conflicts with livestock farmers. For centuries the commons were used for sheep and horse grazing. However, more and more of farmer grazing land have been fenced up, allowing the regeneration of birch and plantations of other species to increase. With a forest cover of 37% and 69% respectively, for decades a major reforestation challenge in Norway and Sweden has been the risk of seedling damages from the pine weevil. Unprotected seedlings can have a survival rate of less than 25% after being planted. Pine weevils feed on the bark of planted young seedlings at regeneration sites. If the seedling is girdled, it will not survive. In Sweden, and soon in Norway, pesticides have been forbidden. In the keynote, new methods and technology will be presented based on non-chemical protection. In Finland, with a forest cover of 75%, a major reforestation challenge is linked to the forest structure. The structure of Finnish forestry includes many private forests in combination with small regeneration sites. This implies a situation where logistics and methods for lifting and field storage provide a major challenge in order to preserve seedling quality until the planting date. Due to this situation, new logistic systems and technologies are being developed in Finland, including new seedling cultivation programs (including cultivation under Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)) to match the access of fresh planting stock to different planting dates. In Denmark, with a forest cover of 13%, a major reforestation challenge is the possibility of future plantations based on a wide range of relevant species. For this to become a realistic option, new methods and technology have to be developed in reforestation activities that support this possibility. These methods and technology should make it possible to not be limited to certain species due to problems and restrictions during field establishment. This due to the prospect of establishing stable, healthy, and productive stands of various forest species that can be adapted to future climate change.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/6
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Anders Mattsson
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/7
2024-01-27T14:16:24Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.1.03.3
doi
dc
Meeting Forest Restoration Challenges: Using the Target Plant Concept
Dumroese, Kasten R
US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources, Moscow, Idaho, USA
Landis, Thomas D
Retired National Nursery Specialist, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Currently Native Plant Nursery Consulting, Medford, Oregon, USA
Pinto, Jeremiah R
US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources, Moscow, Idaho, USA
Haase, Diane L
US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, State and Private Forestry and National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources, Portland, Oregon, USA
Wilkinson, Kim W
Gibsons, British Columbia, Canada
Davis, Anthony S
University of Idaho, Moscow, USA
Meeting forest restoration challenges relies on successful establishment of plant materials (e.g., seeds, cuttings, rooted cuttings, or seedlings, etc.; hereafter simply “seedlingsâ€). The Target Plant Concept (TPC) provides a flexible framework that nursery managers and their clients can use to improve the survival and growth of these seedlings. The key tenets of the TPC are that (1) more emphasis is placed on how seedlings perform on the outplanting site rather than on nursery performance, (2) a partnership exists between the nursery manager and the client to determine the target plant based on site characteristics, and (3) that information gleaned from post-planting monitoring is used to improve subsequent plant materials. Through the nursery manager–client partnership, answers to a matrix of interrelated questions define a target plant to meet the reforestation or forest restoration objectives. These questions focus on project objectives; site characteristics, limiting factors, and possible mitigation efforts; species and genetic criteria; stocktype; outplanting tools and techniques; and outplanting window. We provide examples from the southeastern United States, Hawai‛i, and Lebanon on how the TPC process has improved performance of seedlings deployed for reforestation and forest restoration.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/7
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Kasten R Dumroese, Thomas D Landis, Jeremiah R Pinto, Diane L Haase, Kim W Wilkinson, Anthony S Davis
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/8
2024-01-27T14:16:22Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.1.07.7
doi
dc
Forest Nursery Practices in the Southern United States
South, David B.
School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, AL
Starkey, Tom E.
Southern Forest Nursery Management Cooperative, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
Enebak, Scott A.
School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, AL
Over the past five decades, researchers in the southern United States have been working with nursery managers to develop ways to reduce the cost of producing seedlings. In this regard, the Southern Forest Nursery Management Cooperative (at Auburn University in Alabama) has helped reduce hand-weeding costs and losses due to nematodes and disease. As a result, nursery managers are able to legally use a variety of registered herbicides and fungicides for use in pine and hardwood seedbeds. Other changes over the last three decades include a reduction in the number of nurseries growing seedlings, a reduction in the number of seedlings outplanted per ha, an increase in the number of container nurseries, an increase in the average production per nursery, an increase in production by the private sector, growing two or more crops after fumigation, the development of synthetic soil stabilizers, applying polyacrylamide gels to roots and the use of seedling bags and boxes for shipping seedlings.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/8
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 David B. South, Tom E. Starkey, Scott A. Enebak
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/9
2024-01-27T14:16:18Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.1.08.8
doi
dc
A synthesis of results on wastes as potting media substitutes for the production of native plant species
Tsakaldimi, Marianthi
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment
Department of Forestry and Natural Environment
P.O.Box 262, 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece
Ganatsas, Petros
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment
Department of Forestry and Natural Environment
P.O.Box 262, 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece
The three major functions of a potting medium for plant production is to provide support, to retain water and nutrients, and to allow oxygen diffusion to the roots. A potting medium should meet the requirements of practical plant production such as: to be available and ready at all times, easy to handle, lightweight and to produce uniform plant growth. Constituents such as natural soil, peat, sand, perlite and vermiculite are commonly used as substrates for container plant production. Nevertheless, these materials might be fully or partially replaced by various organic or inorganic wastes, thus achieving environmental and economic benefits. This study presents a synthesis of results extracted from many trials on waste materials as potting media substitutes for the seedlings production of the following native plant species: Pinus halepensis, Quercus ilex, Quercus macropleis and Ceratonia siliqua. The studied waste materials were either organic or inorganic components including: spoils of peridotite, raw rice hulls, coconut fiber and kenaf (the ground stem of the plant H. cannabinus L). The experimental potting media tested were: peat:perlite (3:1), a common medium used for seedling production, peat:spoils of peridotite (3:1), peat:rice hulls (3:1), peat:rice hulls (1:1), peat:coconut fiber (1:1), kenaf (100%) and kenaf:peat:rice hulls (3:1:1). The main physical (water retention characteristics, bulk density, particle density, total porosity) and chemical (N, K, Ca, Mg, soluble P, exchangeable cations, pH and loss on ignition) properties of each potting medium were measured. For each plant species the following seedling quality parameters were assessed: morphological characteristics (shoot height, root collar diameter), shoot and root biomass, Dickson’s quality index and shoot and root nutrient concentrations. Then seedlings were planted in the field and their survival and growth was monitored. The feasibility of replacing peat or perlite with various waste materials as well as their effect on seedling quality and field performance are discussed.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/9
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Marianthi Tsakaldimi, Petros Ganatsas
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/10
2024-01-27T14:16:15Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.1.09.9
doi
dc
Review of the most important pathogens in Serbian forest nurseries
Keča, Nenad
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry
Successful reforestation depends on the quality and health of seedlings. Targeted production in forest nurseries should produce plants that will be able to survive unfavorable environmental and weather conditions in Serbia. Pathogens can reduce the vitality of seedlings and decrease survival after outplanting. The most common pathogens identified on seeds of both conifer and broadleaved seedlings are presented. The most frequently used fungicides for the control of pathogens in Serbian forest nurseries, as well as the best time of their application, are reviewed.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/10
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Nenad KeÄa
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/11
2024-01-27T14:15:43Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.1.11.11
doi
dc
The role of tree breeding in reforestation
Lindgren, Dag
This article focuses on the creation of seed sources for forest planting or seeding with a special focus on clonal seed orchards supporting planting Norway spruce and Scots pine in Sweden. Supporting long-term breeding and low input breeding is discussed. The focus is not on clonal forestry, although this is discussed. Natural regeneration is not dealt with and provenance choice only briefly. It is not a manual or literature review and focus on my own evaluations, but more detailed reviews can be found in the literature cited. It is intended to contribute some familiarity with many of the relevant genetic aspects on forest plantations.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/11
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Dag Lindgren
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/13
2024-01-27T14:15:40Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.1.12.12
doi
dc
The alleviation of reforestation challenges by beneficial soil microorganisms
Karličić, Vera
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture
Golubović Ćurguz, Vesna
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry
Raičević, Vera
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture
Surface mining causes major destruction of natural landscapes and ecosystems. The most fertile, surface soil layer is lost permanently, together with vegetation, wildlife, and micro flora. Post-mining areas are characterized with diverse edaphic, topographic, hydrographic conditions, which complicate land restoration. Successful establishment of forest ecosystems on such land depends mostly on selection of tree species. The chosen plants must be capable of tolerating a wide range of acidity, fertility, moisture, and have potential to ameliorate such substrates for more demanding species. But, reforestation of heavily damaged ecosystems, such as post-mining areas, demands a new approach in seedlings production. This new approach takes into account specific requirements of habitat and integrates them into “targeted production of planting materialâ€. A good strategy for successful reforestation of post-mining areas is the input of organic matter (compost, mulch). Also, current knowledge and experiences emphasize the potential of beneficial microorganisms such as, mycorrhizal fungi (MF) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The majority of studies that deal with beneficial interactions between trees and microorganisms are focused on the mycorrhiza, while plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are less present in silviculture. In this study, the focus is on the reforestation challenges of two mining basins, Majdanpek and Kolubara and suggests beneficial microorganisms as potential solution. The study presents results of several years’ researches on plant response to the presence of mycorrhizal fungi and PGPR. The substrates used for plant growth were Majdanpek and Kolubara mine deposals. Mycorrhizal seedlings were grown in Majdanpek mine deposal, and at the end of the experiment they had 30% higher biomass in comparison to control (seedlings without mycorrhiza). Seedlings linked with fungi had a higher survival rate. Deposals from Kolubara Mining Basin were used as a substrate for seedlings inoculated with PGPR. In the first experiment, Scots pine and Norway spruce were inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium, B. circulans, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. amyloliquefaciens. Inoculation resulted with higher biomass production (Scots pine 43%, Norway spruce 34%). Similar results were obtained in the second experiment where Scots pine and black locust were inoculated with Bacillus licheniformis, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas putida and Burkholderia cepacia. Both species had higher biomass (around 20%) in comparison to un-inoculated control. The results confirmed the fact that early establishment and successful growth of vegetation on devastated areas depends on the presence and activity of soil microbes. Microorganisms as a “nature’s solution†pose the potential to alleviate reforestation challenges of anthropogenic devastated landscapes. Their presence and activity is crucial for ecosystem stability. In areas with compromised balance, their introduction is justified action for achieving the goal of long term ecosystem sustainability.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/13
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Vera KarliÄić, Vesna Golubović Ćurguz, Vera RaiÄević
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/14
2024-01-27T14:15:38Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.1.14.14
doi
dc
Afforestation on bare lands – example of Ibar Gorge, Serbia
Popović, Vladan
Institute of Forestry, Belgrade
Ćirković-Mitrović, Tatjana
Institute of Forestry, Belgrade
The afforestation of bare lands, sandstone, and skeletal terrains are one of the biggest challenges forestry scientists face. These terrains are characterized by specific ecological conditions that are generally unfavorable for the growth of woody species. These are usually shallow soils, unstable, and poor in nutrients and moisture. The characteristics of these habitats make said terrains unfavorable for the regeneration of forest vegetation. It is therefore crucial for the success of afforestation to gain detailed knowledge and understanding of environmental conditions. Only after the detailed research and study of field conditions can the selection of species for afforestation, including selection of species characteristics and technology of planting, begin. Mistakes made during previous establishments of green areas are one of the main reasons some species of vascular flora have disappeared. This alone expresses the undeniable importance of knowledge on habitat specifics, work schedule, and selection of species for afforestation. With the aim to implement the future afforestation within the planned scope, it is necessary to organize an effective nursery production of seedlings with characteristics that will suit the environmental conditions of bare lands, sandstones, and skeletal terrains whose afforestation is planned.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/14
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Vladan Popović, Tatjana Ćirković-Mitrović
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/15
2024-01-27T14:15:35Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.1.02.2
doi
dc
Restoration Silviculture: An Ecophysiological Perspective - Lessons learned across 40 years
Grossnickle, Steven C
NurseryToForest Solutions
Involvement in forest restoration programs across North America for the past 40 years, dealing with nursery cultural practices, operational seedling quality programs and defining seedling performance on restoration sites has given me a unique perspective, which I have used to examine programs from both a research and operational perspective. Certain biological patterns and themes continually appeared across these programs and this paper discusses five of the most common themes.
Learning To Think Like a Tree – It is important for practitioners to develop an understanding of the ecophysiological performance of tree species in a nursery or forest restoration program in order to understand how seedlings grow. This understanding leads to sound biologically based cultural decisions to improve seedling performance.
Stress and the Cyclical Nature of Stress Resistance – Seedlings are exposed to stress when environmental conditions limit their performance. Plants develop physiological resistance attributes to mitigate stress and these attributes change throughout the seasonal cycle. Practitioners have developed hardening cultural practices that enhance seedling stress resistance, thereby improving seedling quality and site restoration success.
Seedling Quality: Product versus Process – Seedling quality is an important component of successful restoration. Typically seedling quality is examined from a product perspective, thus defining functional integrity, operational grading or sometimes performance potential. An alternative approach monitors the process, with product quality the final output.
Planting Stress and Seedling Establishment – Planting stress is prevalent in forest restoration. The act of planting can result in a seedling that does not have proper connections for water movement through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC). Seedling water stress, reduced growth performance and potentially death can occur if this SPAC connection is not restored.
Seedling Death: Sometimes Simple and Sometimes Complicated – Seedling death can occur in restoration programs as a result of environmental extremes or incorrect management practices. Some problems can be easy to diagnose and correct practices can be implemented to rectify the problem. Other times, issues are complicated and it can be a challenge to define the potential factors causing seedling death.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/15
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Steven C Grossnickle
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/16
2024-01-27T14:15:33Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.1.13.13
doi
dc
Issues and perspectives on the use of exotic species in the sustainable management of Canadian forests
Salmón Rivera, Brenda
Barrette, Martin
Thiffault, Nelson
Plantations offer a high potential to respond to the increasing pressure on forests to deliver social, economic, and environmental services. Exotic tree species have a long history of use in plantation forestry, mostly because of their improved productivity compared with that of native species. Because of their impacts on land management and the environment, questions arise regarding the compatibility of exotic tree plantations with sustainable forest management (SFM), the overarching paradigm driving forest legislations in Canada. Our objectives were thus to i) briefly review the historical and current use of exotic tree species in Canada, ii) identify the social, economic and environmental issues related to the use of exotic tree species in Canadian forestry, based on sustainable forest management criteria, and iii) identify perspectives related to the use of exotic tree species in the sustainable management of Canadian forests. Results show that six out of ten Canadian provinces do not have specific legislations to control the use of exotic tree species for reforestation within their borders. The use of exotic tree species is mainly controlled through third-party certification agencies. Exotic tree species represent a small proportion of the planted seedlings in Canada and Norway spruce is the most common one. The use of exotic tree species is compatible with sustainable forest management criteria used in Canada, but forest managers must take into account several issues related to their use and maintain a social license to be entitled to plant them. Issues are highly dependent upon scale. The zoning of management intensity could provide environmental, economic and social benefits, but costs/benefits analyses should be carried out. The concept of naturalness could also be useful to integrate plantations of exotic species in jurisdiction where SFM strategies are based on ecosystem management principles. Monitoring of hybridization and invasiveness of exotic species must be included in landscape analyses to forestall loss of resilience leading to compromised structural and functional ecosystem states. The use of exotics species is recognized as a tool to sequester carbon and facilitate adaptation of forests to global changes, but it is necessary to carefully identified contexts where assisted migration is justified and disentangle planned novel ecosystems coherent with global changes generated by assisted migration from those emerging from invasive species forming undesired states.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/16
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Brenda Salmón Rivera, Martin Barrette, Nelson Thiffault
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/22
2017-09-10T20:55:15Z
REFOR:ED
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.1.01.1
doi
dc
Opening Letter
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Grossnickle, Steven C
NurseryToForest Solutions
"The best time to plant a tree is twenty years ago. The second best time is now." Chinese proverb
There are five million hectares of new forests planted each year, according to Global Forest Resources Assessment (FAO 2015). How successful are we in planting these new forests? What are challenges that practitioners meet today in planting forests? What are challenges that forests established today will face in decades to come? There is a myriad of research results and a body of knowledge large enough to understand principles behind the field performance of planted forests. The environment is dynamic and inputs and outputs continually change, so there is a constant need for new research ranging from the global to microsite scale, and from the ecosystem and species to the population and genotype scale.
The journal Reforesta offers a new site for publishing research results, presenting experiences, and bringing forward novel ideas and discussions on reforestation issues. Reforesta editors will strive to combine academic excellence with professional relevance and wish to appeal to both the professional and academic communities. There are a large number of scientific journals, many of which deal with forest ecosystems. So a reasonable question could be: Do we need yet another professional journal? We say yes, because of the following reasons.
Reforesta will be a "niche" journal, focusing on research stemming from sourcing seed, to nursery cultural operations, to field planting (e.g., afforestation, reforestation and forest restoration). In addition, Reforesta will cover topics of forest genetics, tree breeding, and stand silviculture. We will encourage the submission of papers that provide interest and value to the international readership dealing with planted forests, such as: 1) novel ideas or approaches to reforestation challenges; 2) connections between plant ecophysiology and seedling field performance; 3) testing of new techniques and products in production of forest reproductive material, and at the planting site; and 4) reviews and discussions on timely and important topics.
Establishment of the new journal can be compared to establishing a new forest. Initiation of the Reforesta journal will be supported by the editorial team (i.e. planning and site-species or site-provenance matching). The team will then select appropriate papers from the contributions of willing authors (i.e. selection of planting material, nursery operations, and culling). Then the stage is set: the web-site is operational; the journal is registered and applied for indexing (i.e. site preparation, monitoring and feedback). The inaugural issue is published (i.e. seedlings are planted) and the research community is notified (i.e. post-planting silviculture operations).
The parallel between Reforesta and establishing a new forest will continue. The future success of Reforesta will be dependent on the interaction with its contributors and readership. The future size of the Reforesta audience will be dependent on its ability to secure its niche, and to provide services to the professional forestry community, while developing a symbiotic relationship with other forestry journals (i.e. competition and/or facilitation). Performance of Reforesta will be measured by monitoring readership and response levels (i.e. reforestation success) and its lifespan will be defined by its resilience and adaptation potential.
Reforesta will follow the open access policy of non-profit journals, with no processing charges applied to any accepted articles and no fees for accessing articles published by Reforesta. This principle ensures that forest research is free and available to forestry professionals in support of a greater global exchange of knowledge. Like planted forests, Reforesta hopes to grow in an open environment with appropriate tending from the editorial team, thereby growing with needs of the professional forestry community.
The Reforesta journal has one additional advantage. It is established solely on the enthusiasm of the editorial team. As long as there are enthusiasts recognizing the need for Reforesta, the journal will continue to flourish. The editorial team is here to set the scientific standards and ethical rules for the journal. However, the ultimate direction of Reforesta depends on authors and readership.
We are delighted to launch this new journal, a product of a joint venture between enthusiasts ranging from undergraduate students to senior researchers and scientists. Reforesta has one underwriting sponsor - The Scientific and Professional Society Reforesta. We thank them for their support. Under the leadership of Vladan Ivetić, Editor-In-Chief, who initiated the idea for Reforesta, and Steven Grossnickle, Consultant-Editor who plays a supporting role; we have a worthy team.
The inaugural issue of the Reforesta journal is in form of Thematic Proceedings resulting from the International Conference on Reforestation Challenges, which took place on 3-6 June 2015 in Belgrade, Serbia. We wish to thank participants who attended the Conference and especially thank the invited authors who contributed to this inaugural issue. We are also grateful to the technical team, made up of excellent young students and researchers. We will continue to develop and fine-tune content to enhance the quality, scope and diversity of Reforesta as the journal grows into an established member of the professional forestry community.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
Editorial Note
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/22
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Vladan Ivetić, Steven C Grossnickle
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/23
2024-01-27T14:15:28Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"161226 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.2.01.16
doi
dc
Seed Source Effect on Quality and Morphology of Turkish Red Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) Seedlings
Cercioglu, Mahmut
Golhisar Vocational School of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Golhisar, Burdur, Turkey
Bilir, Nebi
Forestry Faculty of Suleyman Demirel Univetsity
This study was carried out to compare quality and morphology in 1+0 year containerized seedlings of Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) originating from a seed stand and a seed orchard based on height and root-collar diameter. Averages of seedling height and root-collar diameter were 13.8 cm and 2.63 mm in orchard seedlings, while they were 14.8 cm and 4.56 mm in stand seedlings, respectively. There were significant differences (p≤0.05) between seed sources for the characters according to result of ANOVA. Stand seedlings were better quality than that of orchard seedlings according to quality classification of Turkish Standard Institute. Positive and significant (p≤0.05) relations were found between the characters in both seed sources based on results of correlation analysis. Results of the study were discussed for nursery practices, plantation forestry, and genetic-breeding of the species.
SPS Reforesta
2016-12-26 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/23
REFORESTA; No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Mahmut Cercioglu, Nebi Bilir
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/26
2024-01-27T14:15:26Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"161226 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.2.05.20
doi
dc
In situ conservation of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) gene pool in the protected area "Great War Island"
Maksimović, Zoran
Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
The conducted research that involved the assessment of the census size of the black poplar population on The Great War Island, its viability and health status, levels of genetic diversity and recent changes in population served as the basis for defining the measures of in situ conservation of the available gene pool. A network of in situ conservation habitats, labeled A, B and C, were formed. The area of conservation habitat A is 27.90 ha and includes 455 individual trees of black poplar. Conservation habitat B spreads over an area of 7.84 ha and includes 192 individual trees of black poplar. Conservation site C spreads over an area of 21.25 ha and includes 260 individual trees of black poplar. Potential new areas suitable for natural regeneration have been identified in the vicinity of the conservation habitats. Their total area amounts to 16.50 ha and they are surrounded by reproductively mature black poplar trees and thus, seeds can easily be transferred to these areas. The suggested measures of in situ conservation are aimed at the maintenance and conservation of existing black poplar population in the area of Great War Island.
SPS Reforesta
2016-12-26 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/26
REFORESTA; No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Zoran Maksimović, Mirjana Å ijaÄić-Nikolić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/27
2024-01-27T14:15:22Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"161226 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.2.03.18
doi
dc
Floristic Composition of the Weeds and Efficacy of PRE Herbicides in a Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) Nursery
Pacanoski, Zvonko
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, boul. Edvard Kardelj bb, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Kolevska, Dana Dina
Faculty of Forestry, 16 Makedonska brigada Str., 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Nikolovska, Sonja
P.E. Makedonski Å¡umi, Pero Nakov Str. 128, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Field trials were conducted in 2010 and 2011 to evaluate floristic composition of weeds and the efficacy of pre herbicides in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) nurseries. The weed population in both years was consisted mainly of annual spring and summer weeds, and some perennial weeds. The weediness in both years was relatively high. Weed density in the untreated control plots was 106.5 plants per m2 in 2010 and 87.4 plants per m2 in 2011. The most dominant weeds were Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare and Amaranthus retroflexus in 2010 and Polygonum aviculare, Tribolus terestris and Cynodon dactilon in 2011. By taxonomic aspect, the weed flora was distributed in 11 families. 15 weed species were dicotyledons and 2 weed species were monocotyledons. Terophytes were the dominant life form weed category in black locust nurseries. Efficacy of herbicides 28 days after treatment (DAT) ranged from 91.0% (pendimethalin) to 95.3% (linuron) in 2010, and 74.5% (linuron) to 88.0% (pendimethalin) in 2011, respectively. Efficacy of herbicides 56 DAT ranged from 93.6% (pendimethalin) to 98.3% (linuron) in 2010, and from 74.8% (linuron) to 83.1% (pendimethalin) in 2011, respectively. Prevailing weed control by herbicides was not consistent over the years. However, efficacy of herbicides in control of prevailing weeds 28 and 56 DAT ranged from 88% to 100% in 2010 and 7% to 86% in 2011, respectively. Lower herbicide efficacy in 2011 was most likely due to high precipitation occurred immediately after herbicide application and domination of perennial weeds, particularly Cynodon dactilon.
SPS Reforesta
2016-12-26 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/27
REFORESTA; No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Zvonko Pacanoski, Dana Dina Kolevska, Sonja Nikolovska
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/29
2024-01-27T14:15:19Z
REFOR:SI
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"161226 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.2.09.24
doi
dc
Response of rare and endangered species Picea omorika to climate change - The need for speed
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Aleksić, Jelena
University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), Belgrade, Serbia
Serbian spruce (Picea omorika (Pančić) Purk.) is a rare and endangered tertiary relict and endemic species, with restricted and fragmented natural range in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, mainly around the mid-course of the Drina river. Since the middle of the 19th century, its natural range declines constantly, followed by a decline in the number of mature individuals. The decline of this forest species is slow and mainly attributed to poor regeneration and low competing ability. Given the foreseen worsening of the climate in forthcoming decades, this decline can only accelerate. In recent years, dieback related to drought has been observed as response to extreme weather events suggesting that Serbian spruce will face difficulties in adapting to climate change within its natural range. However, successful use of Serbian spruce in Central and Northern Europe indicates potentially large adaptive potential of this species which, along with the high genetic variability, outweigh the limited morphological variation, self-fertilization, and limitations related to the restricted natural range in the first place, and, indicates possible directions of migration in the second place. In this paper, current conservation actions are discussed, and strategies for the species survival in a changing environment are suggested. Since migration and adaptation are the least likely responses of this species to climate change, measures such as assisted migration may be the only strategy which will enable persistence of Serbian spruce. Current conservation programs, limited to in-situ actions, need to be supplemented with ex-situ actions and strategies. In the worst case scenario, i.e. for species such as Serbian spruce which are unable to migrate and/or adapt to changing climate, the most suitable sites should be identified and colonized in order to prevent extinction in the near future.
SPS Reforesta
2016-12-26 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/29
REFORESTA; No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Vladan Ivetić, Jelena Aleksić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/30
2024-01-27T14:15:17Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"161226 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.2.02.17
doi
dc
Initial height and diameter are equally related to survival and growth of hardwood seedlings in first year after field planting
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Devetaković, Jovana
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry
Maksimović, Zoran
PE Srbijasume
This study compares the relation of initial height and root collar diameter of bareroot hardwoods seedlings to survival and growth in first year after planting. A total of six species used in Serbian reforestation programs were tested (four native: Fagus sylvatica, Ulmus laevis, Fraxinus excelsior, and Acer pseudoplatanus and two exotic: Robinia pseudoacacia, and Quercus rubra), at 6 sites with a wide range of environmental conditions. Initial seedling height and diameter were equally related to field performance and better in forecasting growth than survival. The relation between seedlings initial morphological attributes and survival was species specific, while for all tested species growth was positively correlated to seedling size at planting. Although large seedlings kept their advantage in size, smaller seedlings grew at a higher rate. Both initial H and D should be considered as equally important in operational programs for hardwoods seedling quality testing.
SPS Reforesta
2016-12-26 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/30
REFORESTA; No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Vladan Ivetić, Jovana Devetaković, Zoran Maksimović
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/32
2024-01-27T14:15:14Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"161226 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.2.04.19
doi
dc
Height growth characteristics of one-year-old northern red oak seedlings (Quercus rubra L.) in full light conditions
Šušić, Nikola Miroljub
Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade
Bobinac, Martin
Kerkez, Ivona
Bauer Živković, Andrijana
Vojinović, Nikola
In this nursery experiment, 100 one-year-old northern red oak seedlings were measured at the end of the 2016 growing season. Measured growth elements were: total height, root collar diameter and total leaf area. All seedlings were classified according to the presence of polycyclism into four types: one-flush growth, two-flush growth, three-flush growth, and four-flush growth type. The number of new flushes (shoots) is a good indicator of total height, root collar diameter and total leaf area.
SPS Reforesta
2016-12-26 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/32
REFORESTA; No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Nikola Miroljub Šušić, Martin Bobinac, Ivona Kerkez, Andrijana Bauer Živković, Nikola Vojinović
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/33
2024-01-27T14:15:11Z
REFOR:SI
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"161226 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.2.06.21
doi
dc
Management and restoration of Italian afforestations under global change
La Marca, Orazio
Scuola di Agraria, Università di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine -50144 Firenze, Italy
Mercurio, Roberto
SIRF, c/o Dafne Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis -01100 Viterbo, Italy
Nocentini, Leonardo
SIRF, c/o Dafne Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis -01100 Viterbo, Italy
As a consequence of past deforestation, degraded areas in Italy have been subjected to afforestation since the beginning of the XXI century. These afforestations have been done mainly with conifers (Pinus nigra, Pinus pinaster, Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinea), and with the aim to 1) protect the soil and to 2) prevent floods. Exotic forest tree species have been used for the afforestation of selected sites of the Apennine. In the case of Douglas fir, it is possible to state that after ninety years the results are very good in terms of both ecological adaptability and high growth-rate.
Nowadays, the lack of silvicultural treatments, the ageing processes, insect and fungi outbreaks have led pine afforestations to a condition of an unsteady biological equilibrium in many sites. Moreover, this condition seems to be due to additional factors related to climate change such as wind storms and dryness. The restoration of these pine afforestations is therefore one of the main aims of the present Italian forest management policy which aims to increase their level of resilience. In particular, the priority of the researchers has been given to the most fragile stands where three possible objectives of restoration measures should be considered:
• To rehabilitate conifer stands by introducing native broadleaves when these stands are in a very degraded condition, and when the local wood energy chain needs to be started;
• To conserve the conifer stands in the cases where the cultural, aesthetic and recreational functions, are the prevailing obtainable ecosystem services;
• To foster the mixed stands, with the conifers of the old cycle and native broadleaves, which could increase resilience to the extreme events.
In regards of Douglas-fir stands, new silvicultural models have been developed which aim to a) conserve these stands and to b) combine a higher growth rate with a much improved mechanical tree stability.
SPS Reforesta
2016-12-26 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/33
REFORESTA; No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Orazio La Marca, Roberto Mercurio, Leonardo Nocentini
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/34
2024-01-27T14:15:09Z
REFOR:SI
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"161226 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.2.07.22
doi
dc
Conversion from coppice to high stand increase soil erosion in steep forestland of European beech
Montagnoli, Antonio
University of Insubria, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), Via Dunant, 3 21100 - Varese, Italy
Terzaghi, Mattia
University of Insubria, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), Via Dunant, 3 21100 - Varese, Italy
Magatti, Giacomo
University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Environmental and Earth Science (DISAT), Piazza della Scienza, 1, 4 20126 – Milano, Italy
Scippa, Stefania Gabriella
University of Molise, Department of Sciences and Technologies for Environment and Territory (DISTAT), C. da Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, IS, Italy
Chiatante, Donato
In forestlands on steep slopes, where the shallow soil can be considered a non-renewable resource, erosion is of special concern. The vegetation covers, at both soil and canopy level, provides essential protection to the soil against the rainfall erosivity and reduces considerably the water erosion rate. Consequently vegetation management may affect soil erosion. We focused our attention on old coppice beech forest growing on a steep slope (28-32°) and subjected to conversion to high stand. With the aim of obtaining information on surface water flow and the mineral soil loss, three runoff-erosion plots (10 m long ´ 3 m wide) were installed in catchments in Lombardy Alps (Intelvi Valley, Como) at three stands: a coppice 40 years old (CpS 1968) and two conversions from coppice to high forest respectively cut in 1994 (CvS 1994) and 2004 (CvS 2004). Water run-off and sediment losses were collected from June to October 2008 and from May to October 2009 together with stand characteristics, LAI, soil surface cover, canopy cover and fine-root traits. Our results showed that the conversion practices significantly affect the water runoff and soil erosion with the younger conversion CvS 2004 showing the highest erosivity. This was due to the lower values of tree density, canopy cover, soil surface cover and fine-root biomass and length. The old coppice stand (CpS 1968) together with the older conversion stand (CvS 1994) showed comparable values of soil erosion. Therefore, the major role in protecting soil from erosion played by old coppice stand is recovered by the conversion stand after a number of years since harvesting. Our study highlights that abandoned old coppice stand plays an important role in protecting soil from erosion and claims consideration in forest management of steep forestland stands.
SPS Reforesta
2016-12-26 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/34
REFORESTA; No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Antonio Montagnoli, Mattia Terzaghi, Giacomo Magatti, Stefania Gabriella Scippa, Donato Chiatante
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/35
2024-01-27T14:15:06Z
REFOR:SI
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"161226 2016 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.2.08.23
doi
dc
Parallel disasters: Wars and biodiversity loss in mountain areas
Schirone, Bartolomeo
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy; SIRF (Società Italiana di restauro Forestale)
Al-Hirsh, Iman
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy; SIRF (Società Italiana di restauro Forestale)
Al-Qaddi, Nisreen
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy; SIRF (Società Italiana di restauro Forestale)
Battisti, Corrado
‘Torre Flavia’ LTER (Long Term Ecological Research), Città metropolitana di Roma, via Tiburtina, 691, 00159 Rome, Italy
Vessella, Federico
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy; SIRF (Società Italiana di restauro Forestale)
Marras, Tatiana
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy; SIRF (Società Italiana di restauro Forestale)
Ortolani, Maria Raffaella
Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy; SIRF (Società Italiana di restauro Forestale)
It is widely accepted that the Mediterranean Basin is a prominent hotspot of biodiversity hosting a significant richness of plant lineages and fauna. Projected trends in the context of global change suggest this area will cope with strong increases in temperature and decreases in precipitation with consequent effects on forests and ecosystem services. Upward shifts of species range and/or mass extinction are expected to occur on a broad scale, especially in the Mediterranean. Here, mountain ecosystems would undergo the most severe reduction and fragmentation events. Further human based impacts aggravate the effects of global warming. Among them, wars and civil disorders seriously affect mountain landscapes, marking them over time.
Presently, many threats of war are occurring in the Mediterranean and mostly in mountain areas at a high level of biodiversity. Furthermore, these same scenarios are overlapped with global warming, thus exposing many species to an actual risk of extinction.
The aim of this study was to find a solution to the disturbances created in the forest ecosystem by the consequences of war of an identified area in the Mediterranean basin.
SPS Reforesta
2016-12-26 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/35
REFORESTA; No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Bartolomeo Schirone, Iman Al-Hirsh, Nisreen Al-Qaddi, Corrado Battisti, Federico Vessella, Tatiana Marras, Maria Raffaella Ortolani
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/44
2024-01-27T14:14:59Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.3.01.25
doi
dc
Application and use of sulphuric acid pretreatment to improve seed germination of three acacia species
Kheloufi, Abdenour
Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna 2, 05000 Batna, Algeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-349X
Mounia Mansouri, Lahouaria
Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna 2, 05000 Batna, Algeria
Zineb Boukhatem, Faiza
Department of Biotechnology, University of Oran 1, 31000 Oran, Algeria
The experiments were led to study the effect of pretreatments and their duration on germination behavior of three Acacia species A. cyanophylla Lindl., A. farnesiana L. and A. decurrens Willd. by analyzing three parameters (GP: germination percentage; MGT: germination mean time (days) and GRI: germination rate index) for various times of incubation (5, 10 and 15 days) in Petri dishes. Pre-sowing treatment included immersion in concentrated sulphuric acid for 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The sowing in distilled water (Control) had no positive effect on the germination induction. Generally, the seed pretreatments were very useful to improve germination. Time of immersion significantly (P < 0.0001) affected GP, MGT and GRI in all species. Increasing the duration of sulphuric acid immersion (from 60 to 120 min) improved the germination percentages for A. cyanophylla and A. farnesiana seeds to (98% and 99%), respectively. However, increasing this duration had a negative effect on A. decurrens seed germination, reducing the final germination percentage from 97% at 60 minutes of immersion to 43% at 120 minutes.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/44
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Abdenour Kheloufi, Lahouaria Mounia Mansouri, Faiza Zineb Boukhatem
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/45
2024-01-27T14:14:56Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.3.02.26
doi
dc
Nutritional diagnoses of oriental beech trees in damaged Caspian forest sites, using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS)
Alimohamadi, Afrooz
Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
Hamid Jalilvand, Hamid
Department of Natural Resources, Mazandaran University, Sari, Iran
Akbarinia, Moslem
Department of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modaress University, Noor, Iran
Banje Shafiei, Abas
Department of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Iran
Afzali, Khadijeh
Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Iran
Oriental beech established in the Hyrcanian forests, is a valuable tree whose habitats are constantly exposed to destructive factors which change the nutritional status of soil and leaves. Analysis of foliar elements is a commonly used method for studying tree nutrient status that indicates site's quality. Foliar analysis of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) was carried out in Kojour (Mazandaran) in order to assess the nutritional balance of trees in a damaged forest site (a direct result of livestock grazing and anthropogenic perturbations). Sunny leaves of dominant trees were taken in August and foliar concentration of macroelements, N, P, Ca, K and Mg were measured. The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) analysis was applied for evaluating the nutritional state. The results showed deficiency with K and P in disturbed stands. Nutrient Balance Index (NBI) indicated imbalance in nutrient status. These results suggest the usefulness of DRIS for foliar tissue analysis as an indicator of nutritional status and elemental stress in natural forests.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/45
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Alimohamadi Afrooz, Jalilvand Hamid, Shafiei Banje Abas, Afzali Khadijeh
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/46
2024-01-27T14:15:02Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170630 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.3.06.30
doi
dc
General over-view of forest establishment in Turkey
Bilir, Nebi
Forestry Faculty of Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
Turkey has 9.64 million hectares of unproductive forests 43% of the total forest area according, to 2016’ forest inventory. Forest establishment including afforestation, reforestation, rehabilitation and private plantation is the most important method to convert unproductive forest into productive ones, and also to increase present productivity of product forest by improved seed and seedling materials. Turkish forest establishment is examined based on past, present, and future perspectives according to forest inventory from 1946 to 2015 in the present study to contribute present and future establishment.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/46
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Nebi Bilir
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/49
2024-01-27T14:14:53Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.3.07.31
doi
dc
Reforestation in Slovakia: History, current practice and perspectives
Repáč, Ivan
Faculty of Forestry, Department of Silviculture, Technical University of Zvolen, Masarykova 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia
Parobeková, Zuzana
Faculty of Forestry, Department of Silviculture, Technical University of Zvolen, Masarykova 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia
Sendecký, Matúš
Faculty of Forestry, Department of Silviculture, Technical University of Zvolen, Masarykova 24, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia
The history of reforestation in Slovakia is long and rich; from reforestation by seeding, through the small forest nurseries, reforestation of extreme degraded and high-mountain sites to the current The Act on forest reproductive material, nursery centers and reforestation of large windthrow areas. After brief introduction of the history, rather large part of this review is dedicated to the current nursery and especially reforestation practices – planning, pre-planting site preparation, seeding and planting techniques, post-planting care, monitoring of planting performance. Recent nursery and planting research activities are given very shortly. Perspective nursery (e.g. improvement of seedlings’ quality by inoculation with beneficial microorganisms, vegetative propagation) and reforestation treatments and practices (e.g. the use of larger amount of container-grown seedlings, application of hydrogels and ectomycorrhizal fungi, progressive seeding technique, underplanting) are relatively in detail but of course not comprehensively discussed finally. Despite of the lack of a complex reforestation strategy and current and possibly future financial sources and personnel limitations, the introduced perspective practices should contribute to successful solution of reforestation challenges following from endangering the forests by climate change.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/49
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Ivan RepáÄ, Zuzana Parobeková, Matúš Sendecký
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/50
2024-01-27T14:14:50Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.3.08.32
doi
dc
Reforestation in Belarus: From the history up to the present time
Nosnikov, Vadim
Department of Forest Plantations and Soil Science, The Belarusian State Technological University, 13a Sverdlova str., 220006 Minsk, Belarus
The forest has always played a big part in Belarus. At present it covers about 40% of area of the country`s territory. Predominantly the forests are of natural origin. The main species are Pinus sylvestris L. (Scotch pine), Betula pendula Roth (European white birch) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Norway spruce). The other valuable species are Quercus robur L (English oak), Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. (European alder), Larix decidua Mill. (European larch), Abies alba Mill. (Silver fir). The history of the forest management in Belarus showed that over last 150 years the enormous damage to the qualitative and quantitative composition of forests had been made by wars and reconstruction of destroyed industry. The taken reforestation measures allowed to increase the forest area significantly, however, the work on improving of forests` quality requires further development. At present the artificial forest regeneration prevails in the republic. Over the past five years the volumes of established forest plantations range from 21 to 25 thousand hectares annually, the areas of assistance to the natural regeneration – from 4 to 6 thousand hectares annually. By now there are about 1,700 ha of the forest seed orchards, 2,795 plus trees and 1,125 ha of the plus stands in the republic. The cultivation of planting stock for needs of reforestation is carried out on 73 forest tree nurseries with a total area of 1,440 ha. Annually over the last five years there were grown from 270 to 317 million seedlings and transplants, among them 30-35 million seedlings were grown in greenhouses and about 6 million were container seedlings. In order to improve the gene resource and thereby to increase the productivity and quality of future forests, the tendency of forest plantations` prevalence in the reforestation process of Belarus should remain, but in this case the volumes of partial forest plantations should be increased.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/50
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Vadim Nosnikov
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/51
2024-01-27T14:14:47Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.3.03.27
doi
dc
Should forest regeneration studies have more replications?
South, David B.
School of Forestry and Wildlife Science, Auburn University, AL 36849-5418
VanderSchaaf, Curtis L.
School of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272
When it comes to testing for differences in seedling survival, researchers sometimes make a Type II statistical error (i.e. failure to reject a false null hypothesis) due to the inherent variability associated with survival in tree planting studies. For example, in one trial (with five replications) first-year survival of seedlings planted in October (42%) was not significantly different (alpha = 0.05) from those planted in December (69%). Did planting in a dry October truly have no effect on survival? Authors who make a Type II error might not be aware that as seedling survival decreases (down to an overall average of 50% survival), statistical power declines. As a result, the ability to declare an 8% difference as “significant†is very difficult when survival averages 90% or less. We estimate that about half of regeneration trials (average survival of pines <90%) cannot declare a 12% difference as statistically significant (alpha = 0.05). When researchers realize their tree planting trials have low statistical power, they should consider using more replications. Other ways to increase power include: (1) use a one-tailed test (2) use a potentially more powerful contrast test (instead of an overall treatment F-test) and (3) conduct survival trials under a roof.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/51
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 David B. South, Curtis L. VanderSchaaf
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/52
2024-01-27T14:14:44Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.3.09.33
doi
dc
Reforestation in Nigeria: History, current practice and future perspectives
Akpan-Ebe, Isidore Nelson
Department of Forestry and Natural Environmental Management, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Nigeria, a country in West Africa, sits on the Atlantic coast with a land area of approximately 90 million hectares and a population of more than 140 million people. The southern part of the country falls within the tropical rainforest which has now been largely depleted and is in dire need of reforestation. About 10 percent of the land area was constituted into forest reserves for purposes of conservation but this has suffered perturbations over the years to the extent that what remains of the constituted forest reserves currently is less than 4 percent of the country land area. As at today about 382,000 ha have been reforested with indigenous and exotic species representing about 4 percent of the remaining forest estate. Regrettably, funding of the Forestry sector in Nigeria has been critically low, rendering reforestation programme near impossible, especially in the last two decades. To revive the forestry sector government at all levels must re-strategize and involve the local communities as co-managers of the forest estates in order to create mutual dependence and interaction in resource conservation.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/52
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Isidore Nelson Akpan-Ebe
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/53
2024-01-27T14:14:42Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.3.04.28
doi
dc
Using double-sampling techniques to reduce the number of measurement trees during forest inventories
VanderSchaaf, Curtis L.
School of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272
Holley, Gordon
Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272
Adams, Joshua
Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272
Variable-radius sampling techniques are commonly used during forest inventories. For each sample tree at a particular sampling point, diameter and height(s) are measured and then weight is estimated using established equations. Heights can require a fair amount of time to measure in the field. Separating the weight per acre estimate into two components; average basal area per acre and WBAR (individual tree weight-basal area ratio) across all points, can often lead to more efficient sampling schemes. Variable-radius sampling allows for a quick estimate of basal area per acre at a point since no individual tree measurements are needed. If there is a strong relationship between weight and basal area, then by knowing basal area you essentially know weight. Separation into two components is advantageous because in most cases there is more variability among basal area estimates per point then there is in WBAR. Hence, you can spend more resources establishing many points that only estimate basal area – often called “Count†points. “Full†points are those where individual tree measurements are also conducted. There is little published information quantifying the impacts on basal area, weight, etc., estimates among different “Full/Count†sample size ratios at the same site. Inventories were examined to determine this method’s applicability to loblolly pine plantations in southern Arkansas and northern Louisiana. Results show there is more variability among basal area estimates than WBAR and that the amount of trees being “intensively†measured is excessive. Based on these four plantations, a “Full†point could be installed ranging from every other point to every fifth point depending on site conditions and the desired variable.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/53
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Curtis L VanderSchaaf, Gordon Holley, Joshua Adams
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/54
2024-01-27T14:14:39Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.3.10.34
doi
dc
Reforestation in Algeria: History, current practice and future perspectives
Merdas, Saifi
Centre of scientific and technical research on arid regions, BP n° 1682 R.P 07000 Biskra, Algeria
Laboratory of biology and environment, Department of Biology and Ecology, Mentouri Brothers University - Constantine, Ain El Bey, 25017 Constantine, Algeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-2160
Mostephaoui, Tewfik
Centre of scientific and technical research on arid regions, BP n° 1682 R.P 07000 Biskra, Algeria
Belhamra, Mohamed
Department of agronomic sciences, University of Mohamed Kheidar, Biskra, Algeria
Reforestation in Algeria has been recognized as a priority in different programs for the development and enhancement of forest heritage. Degradation factors of forest and soil contribute significantly to the decline in land values. The Algerian forests in the past, during the colonial period suffered considerable degradation. The degraded forest heritage has been undertaken with serious programs since independence. Several programs for the development of the forest sector through reforestation have been carried out. Unfortunately, the achievements were still below expectations. The launch of the National Reforestation Plan in 2000 has given the forestry sector a new lease of life with a vision that incorporates the productive aspect of reforestation, the industrial aspect, and the recreational aspect. Before the end of the NRP timeline, significant reforestation projects are completed. In a future projection, reforestation is integrated into the land use planning within the framework of the National Plan of Land Use Planning.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/54
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Merdas Saifi, Mostephaoui Tewfik, Belhamra Mohamed
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/57
2024-01-27T14:14:35Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.3.15.39
doi
dc
Concerns and evidence on genetic diversity in planted forests
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Devetaković, Jovana
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Planted forests are an important source of various services (economic, environmental, and social) with increasing portion in the total world’s forest area. Genetic diversity is fundamental for success and sustainability of planted forests. Facing the concern of the reduction of genetic diversity in planted forests, this study offers a review of evidence on comparisons between the levels of genetic diversity in forests established by different regeneration methods. A total of 34 papers comparing genetic diversity in natural forests versus various regeneration methods of 24 tree species examined by the range of markers are reviewed. In most cases, there are no significant differences in genetic diversity between natural and planted forests, followed by an almost equal number of cases with decreased and increased level of genetic diversity. The loss of rare alleles, but also new alleles are reported in planted forests. Although the origin of planting material in the most cases are unknown, the size of parental population is determinant for the level of genetic diversity in the new forest, with the provenancing and seed collection strategy as the most important management practices in planting projects.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/57
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Vladan Ivetić, Jovana Devetaković
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/58
2024-01-27T14:13:27Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"171230 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.4.05.44
doi
dc
Afforestation and reforestation in Romania: History, current practice and future perspectives
Palaghianu, Ciprian
Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Forestry Faculty
Dutca, Ioan
Transilvania University of Brasov, Forestry Department
Preserving forest legacy was an important objective throughout Romanian history and so is today. Artificial forest regeneration (including both reforestation and afforestation) was widely used to ensure the forest continuity, following forest harvesting, or to create new forests on non-forest lands. As Romania has undergone various political changes that affected the socio-economic environment, these changes also left significant marks on forest cover dynamics. In this paper, we chronologically present the historical initiatives to preserve and increase forest cover in Romania, the current practices, available funding and future perspectives on artificial forest regeneration. Increasing forest cover from the current level of 27% to, and beyond European average of 33% seems an ambitious target for Romania. However, that may be achievable if the sources of funding for afforestation would diversify and increase, the available funds would be more effectively accessed, national forestry regulations would be less bureaucratic and the guidelines on artificial forest regeneration would be up to date and less restrictive. The whole framework of forestation should be revised to comply with recent social, economic and environmental realities, and modern criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management should be explicitly included. The new goals should also be tailored to the changes regarding the property type, climate related trends and new requirements of the forest certification systems.
SPS Reforesta
2017-12-30 10:21:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/58
REFORESTA; No. 4 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Ciprian Palaghianu, Ioan Dutca
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/60
2024-01-27T14:13:43Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.3.12.36
doi
dc
Afforestation in Bulgaria
Milev, Milko
University of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
Petkova, Krasimira
University of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
Iliev, Nasko
University of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
The historical development of afforestations in Bulgaria was investigated. Some of the more important decisions and events which determine the correct state policy in the field of afforestations are pointed out. The most significant achievements are in: erosion control, incl. water tank protection from silting up; increasing the tree volume and forest growth; protection of agriculture via forest protection belts; landscape improving. The social importance for more employment and improvement of means of livelihood is mentioned. Proved reasons for decreasing the afforested areas since 1980s are given. The main mistakes and problems are mentioned as well as the changes in the afforestation policy and future challenges.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/60
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Milko Milev, Krasimira Petkova, Nasko Iliev
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/62
2024-01-27T14:13:40Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.3.13.37
doi
dc
Reforestation in Macedonia: History, current practice and future perspectives
Kolevska, Dana Dina
Faculty of Forestry, 16 Makedonska brigada Str., 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Blinkov, Ivan
Faculty of Forestry, 16 Makedonska brigada Str., 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Trajkov, Pande
Faculty of Forestry, 16 Makedonska brigada Str., 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Maletić, Vladimir
Faculty of Forestry, 16 Makedonska brigada Str., 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
This paper presents data about forestry and reforestation in the Republic of Macedonia. The country is characterized with great diversity of natural conditions and rich floral and faunal biodiversity Forests in Macedonia cover 38% of its territory. About 71% represent coppiced and degraded and 29% tall forests. Historical, social and natural conditions caused gradual deforestation, forest and land degradation. Foundations of artificial afforestation were laid in the first decade of XX century. First reforestation started already in 1913/14 and continued, with various intensity, in the next decades. In the period between two world wars a foundation of modern forestry was established, as forestry education, scientific work etc., to help dealing with reforestation of waste bare and erosive lands. The most intensive reforestation was performed in 1971-1990 and during the following years significantly decreases. There is room for improving of some aspects of the reforestation, in aim to improve survival and development of the young stands.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/62
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Dana Dina Kolevska, Ivan Blinkov, Pande Trajkov, Vladimir Maletic
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/63
2024-01-27T14:13:38Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.3.05.29
doi
dc
Comparison of seedling quality between autochthonous and poplar clones
Servo, Goran
PE “VojvodinaÅ¡umeâ€, Preradovićeva 2, 21131 Petrovaradin, Serbia
Devetaković, Jovana
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Autochthonous poplar species were neglected during the intense establishment of plantations using various selected clones. This paper presents the results of seedlings quality comparison of two autochthonous poplars and three clones of poplar (129/81, I-214 and PE 19/66) in order to determine capabilities for mass production of autochthonous poplar seedlings. The seedlings of clone 129/81 have the largest diameter and height, and the seedlings of black poplar shows the smallest values. Seedlings of gray poplar have similar values as seedlings of clone PE 19/66, except diameter on 1 m above the ground. Clone I–214 shows least values relative to seedlings of other two clones. The results obtained in this study indicate the possibility of mass production of autochthonous poplar seedlings. Considering that the seedlings are used primarily for the purposes of conservation, the existing manufacturing technology, as well as the applicable standards of quality seedlings, which are used for highly productive clones of poplar, should be adapted to the production of a large number of genotypes.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/63
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Goran Servo, Jovana Devetaković, Vladan Ivetić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/64
2024-01-27T14:13:35Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.3.14.38
doi
dc
Reforestation in Poland: History, Current Practice and Future Perspectives
Banach, Jacek
University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Forestry; Institute of Forest Ecology and Silviculture; Department of Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, 29 Listopada Av. 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
Skrzyszewska, Kinga
University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Forestry; Institute of Forest Ecology and Silviculture; Department of Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, 29 Listopada Av. 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
Skrzyszewski, Jerzy
University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Forestry; Institute of Forest Ecology and Silviculture; Department of Sylviculture; 29 Listopada Av. 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
In the past, the entire region of Poland was overgrown by forests. Due to economic changes, the forest cover was reduced to 40% in the 18th century and 21% after the Second World War. After the war, Polish foresters undertook considerable efforts to increase the forest cover to 30.8% by 2015. Polish forests are characterized by the dominance of oligo- and mesotrophic coniferous species (68.7%). This include the pioneer species, Scots pine. It covers approximately 60% of the area. The species composition of Polish forests determined the dominance of artificial regenerations. However, the currently prevailing direction of forest culture is natural regeneration. This tendency is related to “greening†of the forest management, the priority of durability over productivity and culture of multifunctional forests. A natural or seminatural direction of forest culture is being promoted. Renewal of the species such as fir, beech, oak, or spruce from the last stages of succession have always taken place in a natural manner, whereas the statistics are generated by the dominant species preferring open areas during renewal. Currently, the scale of natural regenerations of the pine is increasing. It is increasingly common to value the favorable economic aspect of natural renewal of the species, and the experience of practitioners supported by scientific research increase the likelihood for success. In Poland, the majority of methods of regeneration proceedings (forest cutting) and the law are directed at obtaining and promoting natural renewal. Independent of the concept of natural renewal promotion, the location of Poland in the intermediate climate zone, between the influence of oceanic and continental climates, resulted in the formation of valuable tree stands with high flexibility and tolerance to growth conditions. They are divided into seed stands, excluded stands, and timberlands. Thus, Poland is in possession of a great base for seed collection. At the beginning of 1990s, a rapid need for container seedlings occurred due to numerous disasters (wind-broken trees, gradations). Currently, in Poland, 17 field nurseries are in operation producing 1–10 m seedlings. In 1992, Poland received a loan from the World Bank to conduct afforestations and the “National Program for Increasing the Forest Cover†was started. The main objective of the plan is to increase the forest cover to 30% in 2020 and 33% in 2050. Within the program, it is planned to include vegetation of the natural succession in the area of approximately 80,000 ha.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/64
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Jacek Banach, Kinga Skrzyszewska, Jerzy Skrzyszewski
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/65
2024-01-27T14:13:30Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.3.11.35
doi
dc
Reforestation following harvesting of conifer plantations in Japan: Current issues from silvicultural and ecological perspectives
Masaki, Takashi
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 805-8687, Japan
Oguro, Michio
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 805-8687, Japan
Yamashita, Naoko
Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. Kyoto 612-0855, Japan
Otani, Tatsuya
Shikoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. Kochi 780-8077, Japan
Utsugi, Hajime
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 805-8687, Japan
Following the Second World War, the number of Cupressaceae plantations in Japan increased, in accordance with government policy for the restoration of timber resources and conservation of soil and water. Currently, these even-aged plantations occupy approximately 44% of the forested area and 24% of the national land area of Japan. Although many of these plantations have become available as timber resources, there are several silviculture-related problems associated with reforestation following clear-cutting of these plantations. The abundant annual precipitation in Japan allows for dominance by competitive vegetation, which makes natural regeneration difficult and increases the cost of silvicultural operations during and after the planting of seedlings. Because the number of seedling producers has decreased, there has been little incentive to keep seedling production techniques up to date. Additionally, damage to planted seedlings by the overabundant sika deer (Cervus nippon) population has increased dramatically in the last dozen years or so. To determine how to overcome these difficulties, various studies are underway in Japan. For example, seedling studies have examined the relationship between seedling size and competitive ability with other species in reforested areas, and have led to the development of lower-cost systems to produce customized Cupressaceae seedlings, as well as measures to minimize transplanting damage to seedlings. Previous studies have shown that no-weeding operations might lower the risk of sika deer browsing seedlings, although this silvicultural countermeasure may potentially reduce seedling growth. Studies have also examined the types of physical protection against sika deer browsing that are most efficient. We must combine these findings into a unified silvicultural system for successful restoration via lower-cost plantations.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/65
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Takashi Masaki, Michio Oguro, Naoko Yamashita, Tatsuya Otani, Hajime Utsugi
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/66
2024-01-27T14:13:24Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"171230 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.4.01.40
doi
dc
Production of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. for reforestation in southern Benin
Aoudji, Augustin K. N.
School of Economics, Socio-Anthropology and Communication for the rural development, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 03 BP 2819 Cotonou, Benin
Séhouéto, Caroline
School of Economics, Socio-Anthropology and Communication for the rural development, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 03 BP 2819 Cotonou, Benin
Adégbidi, Anselme
School of Economics, Socio-Anthropology and Communication for the rural development, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 03 BP 2819 Cotonou, Benin
Kaki, Rodrigue S.
School of Economics, Socio-Anthropology and Communication for the rural development, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 03 BP 2819 Cotonou, Benin
Ganglo, Jean C.
School of Environmental Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 03 BP 2819 Cotonou, Benin
The viability of Acacia auriculiformis production system in southern Benin was studied from an analytical perspective combining the production techniques and the financial profitability. The driving research question was as follows: "Will the nurseries be able to supply the seedlings suited to successful reforestation programmes?" A survey was carried out among nursery holders in the Atlantique Department. The snowball sampling method enabled to survey 55 nursery holders, based on semi-structured interviews. Respondents provided data on the organisation of production, production techniques, production costs, and sales revenues. There were two types of nurseries: individual nurseries and collective nurseries. The stages of acacia seedlings production were as follows: seed collection, dormancy breaking, sowing, and cares for young seedlings. Overall, the production techniques used by nursery holders were effective. The net revenue for 1000 seedlings ranged between XOF 9000 and 26000. Collective nurseries had lower production costs, hence higher revenues, compared to individual nurseries. It is essential to support nursery holders through capacity strengthening training and the availability of good quality seeds.
SPS Reforesta
2017-12-30 10:21:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/66
REFORESTA; No. 4 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Augustin K. N. Aoudji, Caroline Séhouéto, Anselme Adégbidi, Rodrigue S. Kaki, Jean C. Ganglo
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/69
2022-02-15T08:45:02Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"220215 2022 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.4.02.41
doi
dc
Sulfur and lime affect soil pH and nutrients in a sandy Pinus taeda nursery
Nadel, Ryan L
School of Forestry and Wildlife Science, Auburn University, AL 36849-5418
South, David B
School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, AL 36849-5418
Enebak, Scott A
School of Forestry and Wildlife Science, Auburn University, AL 36849-5418
Bickerstaff, Gene
R.O. Barham SuperTree Nursery, P.O. Box 947, Bullard, TX, 75757
Two pH experiments were conducted at a sandy, bareroot loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) nursery in Texas. A sulfur trial (0, 813, 1626, 2439 kg ha-1 of elemental sulfur) was installed to determine if lowering soil pH would result in nutrient toxicity symptoms and affect seedling morphology. Although soil acidity in the sulfur study ranged from pH 3.9 to pH 5.0, none of the treatments resulted in micronutrient toxicity and none affected height growth, root-collar diameter, root mass, shoot mass or the root-mass ratio (root dry mass/total dry mass). Acidifying soil with sulfur increased leaching of calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese and zinc but there was no effect on seedling morphology. The objective of the liming trial (0, 813, 1626, 3252 kg ha-1 of dolomitic lime) was to determine if increasing alkalinity would result in an iron deficiency and reduce seedling growth. As expected, applying lime increased the calcium and magnesium levels but had no effect on soil levels of iron, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, zinc and sodium. However, the root-mass ratio was reduced by applications of dolomitic lime (pH ranged from 5.3 to 6.0). Differences in soil properties (i.e. plot location) had a greater effect on seedling morphology than lime applications. Foliage levels of manganese and boron were reduced by the highest rate of lime and sulfur, respectively.
SPS Reforesta
2017-12-30 10:21:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/69
REFORESTA; No. 4 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 David B. South, Ryan L Nadel, Scott A Enebak, Gene Bickerstaff
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/72
2018-01-05T00:39:17Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"171230 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.4.06.45
doi
dc
Developing and supporting quality nursery facilities and staff are necessary to meet global forest and landscape restoration needs
Haase, Diane L
US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, State and Private Forestry and National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources, Portland, Oregon, USA
Davis, Anthony S
Oregon State University, College of Forestry, Department of Forest Resources, Engineering, and Management, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
Seedlings are the foundation for many terrestrial ecosystems and are a critical consideration and investment for implementing global forest and landscape restoration programs. Global leaders have pledged to restore millions of hectares during the next decade, necessitating many millions of established plants. Although natural regeneration and direct seeding will likely meet a portion of that need, large quantities of high-quality, nursery-grown seedlings are also required. Insufficient plant quantities or poor-quality plants result in unsuccessful outplanting programs. Such failures have considerable economic and environmental consequences and will result in an inability to meet restoration goals. Nonetheless, the importance of restoration nurseries is often overlooked when making large-scale restoration commitments. Technology already exists to produce high-quality plants to meet a variety of goals. This technology cannot be applied, however, unless adequate resources and training are made available by overcoming political and socioeconomic barriers. In this article, we discuss the important role of nurseries to meet global restoration commitments and review three case studies where increased support to nursery programs resulted in improved restoration success.
SPS Reforesta
2017-12-30 10:21:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/72
REFORESTA; No. 4 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Diane L Haase, Anthony S Davis
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/73
2017-12-30T09:21:59Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"171230 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.4.03.42
doi
dc
Stocktype effect on field performance of Austrian pine seedlings
Devetaković, Jovana R
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Makimović, Zoran
PE Srbijašume, Mihajla Pupina Blvd. 113, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
Ivanović, Boris
PE Srbijašume, Mihajla Pupina Blvd. 113, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
Baković, Zvonimir
PE Srbijašume, Mihajla Pupina Blvd. 113, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) seedlings are one of the most produced planting material in Serbian nurseries. In this study we compared a field performance of two container stocktypes, one usually used (2+0 produced in Plantagrah I) and one recently introduced (1+0 produced in Hiko V120 SS). The trial was established at planting site Vlaško polje (East Serbia), at altitude of 840 m a.s.l., one year following the total destruction of previous pine plantation by ice. One-year-old Austrian pine seedlings produced in Hiko containers show similar initial height and root collar diameter at planting time as two-year-old seedlings produced in traditionally used Plantagrah I containers. There was no vegetation control at field trial during the first growing season. At the end of the first growing season, taller (15.6 cm) and more slender (H/D=4.5) 1+0 seedlings from Hiko containers survived at higher rate, and shorter (10.9 cm) and more stocky seedlings 2+0 produced in Plantagrah I grow in height at higher rate. Seedlings taller at the planting time kept their advantage in size after the first growing season at the field. We found that both stocktypes can be used in operational planting programs on sites with lack of vegetation control.
SPS Reforesta
2017-12-30 10:21:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/73
REFORESTA; No. 4 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Jovana R Devetaković, Zoran Makimović, Boris Ivanović, Zvonimir Baković, Vladan Ivetić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/75
2017-12-30T09:21:59Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"171230 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.4.04.43
doi
dc
Seedling Quality in Serbia – Results from a Three-Year Survey
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Maksimović, Zoran
PE Srbijašume, Mihajla Pupina Blvd. 113, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
Kerkez, Ivona
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Devetaković, Jovana R
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
During a three-year survey in 14 forest nurseries in Serbia we measured seedlings of 19 species and 96 stocktypes of both conifers and broadleaves. Seedlings were measured in the nurseries for height and diameter, and subsamples was taken for measurements of shoot and root dry weight, and presence of mycorrhiza. Results of mean values and variation of measured morphological attributes are presented and compared to Serbian standard for seedlings quality. We found mycorrhiza on seedlings root from almost every nursery, seedbed and tray. Our results show that current nursery cultural practice need to be improved and that seedlings quality standards should be updated.
SPS Reforesta
2017-12-30 10:21:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/75
REFORESTA; No. 4 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Vladan Ivetić, Zoran Maksimović, Ivona Kerkez, Jovana R Devetaković
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/76
2017-12-30T09:21:59Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"171230 2017 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.4.07.46
doi
dc
Direct Seeding in Reforestation – A Field Performance Review
Grossnickle, Steven C
NurseryToForest Solutions
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Direct seeding has been considered a forest restoration option for centuries. Over the past half century, the use of this practice has declined in developed countries as forest regeneration programs have advanced with the production of quality seedlings that can successfully establish restoration sites. Direct seeding is being reconsidered as a restoration option as the potential size of the worldwide forest restoration program has grown because of massive deforestation in third-world nations and due to global climate change. This review examines direct seeding from a number of perspectives. First, merits of using this practice in restoration programs are defined. Major merits of this option are that it can be done quickly, over hard to reach and large disturbed areas, and at a relatively low cost. Second, current research findings from restoration programs are discussed. The major finding is that seedling establishment rates are low (i.e. typically around 20% of seeds planted) due to site conditions, seed predation and vegetation competition, and field performance (i.e. survival and growth) is lower than planted seedlings. Third, operational practices for the application in restoration programs are reviewed. To successfully conduct direct seeding programs practitioners need to consider seedbed receptivity, seed distribution and seeding rate. Fourth, potential new practices are presented. Some of these new practices attempt to create a more effective means to disperse seed across the site, minimize seed predation or create a more favorable microsite environment. This review provides a synthesis of what is known about direct seeding, thereby allowing practitioners to make a rational decision of whether to apply this practice towards their forest restoration program.
SPS Reforesta
2017-12-30 10:21:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/76
REFORESTA; No. 4 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Steven C Grossnickle, Vladan Ivetić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/78
2018-07-10T13:03:40Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"180710 2018 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.5.02.48
doi
dc
Breaking seed coat dormancy of six tree species
Kheloufi, Abdenour
University of Batna2, Algeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-349X
Mansouri, Lahouaria
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna 2, 05000 Batna, Algeria
Aziz, Nada
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna 2, 05000 Batna, Algeria
Sahnoune, Meriem
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna 2, 05000 Batna, Algeria
Boukemiche, Sarra
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna 2, 05000 Batna, Algeria
Ababsa, Boutheina
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna 2, 05000 Batna, Algeria
Breaking physical dormancy in some forest seeds is a challenge for scientists and forest managers to obtain an homogeneous germination for larger seed samples. The role played by the seed coat in seed dormancy of six trees with great interest in agroforestry (Robinia pseudoacacia, Leucaena leucocephala, Erythrostemon gilliesii, Styphnolobium japonicum, Acacia dealbata and Brachychiton populneus) was tested by the effects of the pretreatment and its duration on the performance of seed germination, by considering the final germination percentage (FGP) and the mean germination time (MGT). These parameters are estimated at various times of incubation (5, 10 and 15 days) in Petri dishes and stored in darkness at (25 ± 2°C). The pretreatment consists of an immersion of seeds in concentrated sulphuric acid during 30, 60 and 90 minutes.
Sowing without pretreatment (control) revealed no germination induction for B. populneus and A. dealbata, except for R. pseudoacacia, L. leucocephala and S. japonica where the germination does not exceed 12% for all the experience duration. Generally, pretreatments were very useful to improve seed germination. The time of immersion into sulphuric acid significantly affected (P < 0.0001) the FGP and the MGT in all studied species. A duration of 30 minutes of soaking was adequate to give a very high rate of germination for L. leucocephala, E. gilliesii, S. japonica and A. dealbata with respective FGP of 100%, 95%, 100% and 100%. However, an extended duration of pretreatment of 60 minutes was necessary for a maximal germination for R. pseudoacacia and B. populneus with FGP of 85% and 100%, respectively. A prolonged duration of 90 minutes of presowing was very fatal for L. leucocephala, A. dealbata and B. populneus. An excellent germinative strength is characterized by a higher FGP and a reduced MGT.
SPS Reforesta
2018-07-10 15:03:40
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/78
REFORESTA; No. 5 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Abdenour Kheloufi, Lahouaria Mansouri, Nada Aziz, Meriem Sahnoune, Sarra Boukemiche, Boutheina Ababsa
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/79
2018-07-10T13:03:40Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"180710 2018 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.5.06.52
doi
dc
Cost of inoculating seedlings with Pisolithus tinctorius spores
South, David B.
School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, AL
Although the production of commercial products of vegetative Pt (Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch) inoculums has ceased in North America due to a lack of demand by consumers, the number of products that contain Pt spores has increased. The quality, quantity and price of these products vary considerably. The cost of inoculating 1,000 tree seedlings with Pt basidiospores can vary from $0.45 to more than $30. The cost of treating with Pt spores is lowest when seedlings are inoculated in a container nursery using rates that are less than 0.4 mg per seedling. However, with some products the cost to treat 1,000 bareroot seedlings is greater than $500 when spores are applied in the planting hole. Three decades ago, 1 g of Pt spores could be purchased for $0.13 and now the price of 1 g can exceed $14. Although many research papers provide data on the biological response to inoculating seedlings with spores, few document the cost of inoculation. Commercial products that are marketed toward homeowners containing both ectomycorrhizal and endomycorrhizal spores are more expensive than products that contain only ectomycorrhizal spores. In situations where survival and growth of seedlings are not increased, the benefit/cost ratio will typically be less than one.
SPS Reforesta
2018-07-10 15:03:40
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/79
REFORESTA; No. 5 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 David B. South
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/80
2018-07-10T13:03:40Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"180710 2018 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.5.07.53
doi
dc
Fertilizer trials for bareroot nurseries in North America
South, David B.
School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, AL
In North America, most tree nursery nutrition publications during the past two decades involved either container-grown stock or stock grown in greenhouses. In contrast, most bareroot nursery fertility trials in North America were published during the last century. As a result, some bareroot fertilization recommendations have remained the same since 1980 and some practices continue to be based on myths and assumptions. The bareroot nursery industry in the USA might benefit if the next generation of graduate students will consider testing old and new theories about nursery fertilization. Hopefully, they will discover new facts so that future fertilization regimes will be based on science. This paper provides various fertilizer trials that should be established in bareroot nurseries.
SPS Reforesta
2018-07-10 15:03:40
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/80
REFORESTA; No. 5 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 David B. South
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/82
2019-06-28T12:27:42Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"190627 2019 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.7.01.63
doi
dc
Douglas-fir seedling quality in biochar-amended peat substrates
Sarauer, Jessica L.
State University of New York at Morrisville, Morrisville, USA
Coleman, Mark D.
Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, USA
Artificial forest regeneration using nursery produced growing stock is commonplace in the Pacific Northwest. High quality seedlings are needed for outplanting success, which depends on a seedling’s ability to establish new roots and overcome stress. Containerized seedling stock is typically grown in artificial growing media. Peat, a popular component of growing media, is a non-renewable resource. Biochar has similar physical attributes to peat, which makes it a potential alternative. In our study, we grew Douglas-fir seedlings in containers with biochar-amended peat-based growing media to determine if biochar could improve seedling quality. Douglas-fir seeds were sown in March 2016 and seedlings were grown under standard light and temperature conditions at an operational forest nursery for nine months. After nine months, seedling quality was assessed for height, diameter, cold hardiness, and root growth potential. Using biochar did not improve Douglas-fir seedling quality, except for slightly increasing cold hardiness and root growth potential for equivalently sized seedlings. Seedlings grown without biochar had increased height and diameter compared to seedlings with biochar and they had higher root growth potential (all dependent on fertilizer rates). Douglas-fir seedling quality might be improved with biochar amendment if negative growth impacts of soil reaction can be overcome.
SPS Reforesta
2019-06-28 14:27:42
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/82
REFORESTA; No. 7 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Jessica L. Sarauer, Mark D. Coleman
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/83
2018-12-28T13:24:41Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"181228 2018 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.6.03.56
doi
dc
Alley cropping with strawberries: Two case-studies in Romania
Nicolescu, Valeriu Norocel
University ”Transylvania” of Brașov
Hernea, Cornelia
Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania
Sandi, Vilhelm
Sugaș Forest District
The paper focuses on the use of alley cropping, an arable agroforestry system comprising rows of trees planted with a companion crop grown in the alleyways between the rows, in two sub-compartments (81B%: 0.75 ha, elevation 715 m asl; 81E: 3.4 ha, elevation 735 m asl) artificially regenerated at 1.80 m x 1.60 m spacing in the south-east of Transylvania (Romania) in 1997 (81B%) and 2003 (81E). The climate (Dfbx, specific to low and middle mountains) and soil (luvisol, of moderate fertility for pure or mixed Quercus petraea stands) are only moderately favourable to strawberry culture. The rows of tree species consists of Quercus rubra, Acer pseudoplatanus, Prunus avium (81B%), and Quercus petraea, Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, and Larix decidua (81E). Strawberries (variety Elsanta,) were planted at 60 x 60 cm spacing in two pure rows in-between the tree rows as well as within the rows of planted trees. Both plantations were fenced, with manual topsoil hoeing up to four times a year, lighly fertilized (N, P, K complex) and chemically protected against browsing and pests.
Strawberry rotation (six years, of which five years - two to six - with fruit production) was longer than the one (maximum three years) recommended in pure crops. Strawberry production reached the maximum level in years 3 or 4.
Under the local conditions, the alley cropping with strawberries had demonstrated to be a viable alternative to the 'classical' monocropping system in terms of (a) survival rate of plants (over 95 per cent), (b) initial height growth of plants (very quick, resulting from reduced competition with grasses and naturally regenerated forest trees such as pioneer species), (c) establishment of a new forest culture, the full forest cover being achieved immediately after the end of strawberry production, as well as (d) economics (early and relevant revenue from the crop).
SPS Reforesta
2018-12-28 14:24:41
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/83
REFORESTA; No. 6 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Valeriu Norocel NICOLESCU, Cornelia HERNEA, Vilhelm SANDI
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/85
2018-07-10T13:03:40Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"180710 2018 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.5.04.50
doi
dc
European white elm biomass production (Ulmus laevis Pall.) in high-density plantation
Devetaković, Jovana R
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry
Todorović, Nebojša
PE Kolubara
Vilotić, Dragica
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
This paper provides first report for European white elm potential for biomass production. High density plantation (71,428 seedlings ha-1) was established on spring 2012th near Belgrade from one-year-old seedlings, produced from seed. Weed control and irrigation was practiced only in the first growing season, without fertilization. In a three year rotation, European white elm plants in a high density plantation reach average height of 341.11 cm and average root collar diameter of 31.9 mm, with height increase of about 1 m, diameter increase of about 1 cm per year. At the end of three-years rotation total produced biomass was 90 odt ha-1, or 30 odt ha-1 year-1. Biomass production of European white elm is in range or higher compared to traditionally used species, indicating the need for further research on planting material, plant density and cultural practices.
SPS Reforesta
2018-07-10 15:03:40
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/85
REFORESTA; No. 5 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Jovana R Devetaković, Nebojša Todorović, Dragica Vilotić, Vladan Ivetić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/87
2018-07-10T13:03:40Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"180710 2018 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.5.05.51
doi
dc
Variability of beech cupules in Serbia
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Kerkez, Ivona
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2070-158X
Denić, Ivan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Devetaković, Jovana
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Beech is the most important tree species in forests of Serbia. However, despite its significance, the taxonomic status of beech in Serbia is unclear. Morphology of the cupules can be successfully used to distinguish species and within species taxa. In this paper we report results on cupules morphology, measuring the same attributes reported by Mišić (1955): 1) Length of the longest valve of cupule, 2) Width of that valve (at widest point), 3) Distance between base of the longest valve and peduncle, 4) Length of cupule without peduncle, and 5) Length of peduncle. The length of cupule and peduncle length from 12 populations in Serbia are in the range reported for Fagus sylvaticain Serbia and western Eurasia. Results of cluster analysis shows a grouping of populations in two groups:1) the southeast group, and 2) group consist of populations from northwest, east and southeast of Serbia. Populations from this southeast group also consist the group of populations on altitude over 850 m, indicating presence of ecotypes. The exception is population from Stara Planina (1,520 m a.s.l.) which is grouped with populations from altitudes under 850 m.
Keywords: European Beech; cupules; variability
SPS Reforesta
2018-07-10 15:03:40
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/87
REFORESTA; No. 5 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Vladan Ivetić, Ivona Kerkez, Ivan Denić, Jovana Devetaković
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/88
2018-07-10T13:10:26Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"180710 2018 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.5.03.49
doi
dc
The effect of half-sib lines on morphological attributes of one-year old Fraxinus angustifolia seedlings
Kerkez, Ivona
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2070-158X
Nonić, Marina
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Devetaković, Jovana
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Aiming to produce forest reproductive material at the family level, we tested quality of twenty Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl half-sib lines in the nursery experiment. We measured height (HT) and root collar diameter (DIA) of one-year old seedlings, and we monitored germination rate and mortality during the first growing season. Seeds of 20 half-sib lines originating from Sombor area (north Serbia) were sown in seedbed on autumn 2016. The seed dormancy was not broken in all seeds equally, resulting with un-uniform germination over a two months period. All measured attributes shows a statistically significant differences, indicating a strong effect of genetic control. The highest average and DIA were measured in half-sib line 7 (22.62 cm; 5.79 mm, respectively). The lowest average DIA was measured in half-sib lines 18 (2.85 mm) and 19 (2.94 mm), which can be result of growing density effect (104 seedlings m-2 for line 18 and 126 seedlings m-2 for line 19, compared to 40 seedlings m-2 for line 7). The correlation between DIA and HT is strong and positive (R=0.90). Due to its morphological superiority, half-sib line 7 could be recommended for mass production of Fraxinus angustifolia seedlings at the family level.
Keywords: Height; Root Collar Diameter; Seedlings Quality; Narrow leaved ash
SPS Reforesta
2018-07-10 15:03:40
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/88
REFORESTA; No. 5 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Kerkez Ivona, Nonić Marina, Devetaković Jovana, Šijačić-Nikolić Mirjana, Ivetić Vladan
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/89
2018-07-10T13:03:40Z
REFOR:ED
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"180710 2018 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.5.01.47
doi
dc
Reforestation challenges 2018
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry
The conference on "Reforestation Challenges" took place on 20-22 June 2018 in Belgrade, Serbia, at Faculty of Forestry of the University of Belgrade. This was the fourth meeting on reforestation challenges, after three successful meetings in three previous years (2015 – Belgrade, Serbia; 2016 – Krakow, Poland; 2017 – Session at the IUFRO Congress in Freiburg, Germany). This Conference, like the first one, was organized by Faculty of Forestry of the University of Belgrade, IUFRO (specifically by IUFRO Unit: 3.02.00 - Stand Establishment and Treatment), and Reforesta Scientific and professional Society.
SPS Reforesta
2018-07-10 15:03:40
Editorial Note
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/89
REFORESTA; No. 5 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Vladan Ivetić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/91
2018-12-28T13:24:41Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"181228 2018 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.6.01.54
doi
dc
Pine sawdust biochar as a potential amendment for establishing trees in Appalachian mine spoils
Fields-Johnson, Christopher Warren
The Davey Tree Expert Company
Fike, John H
Virginia Tech
Galbraith, John M
Virginia Tech
Maguire, Rory O
Virginia Tech
Day, Susan D
Virginia Tech
Zedaker, Shepard M
Virginia Tech
Mathis, Joseph Eric
Institute for Regenerative Design and Innovation
Early growth and survival of tree seedlings is often poor on reclaimed coal surface mines in Appalachia. Biochar produced in bioenergy generation has potential for use as an amendment to improve seedling performance. Mine soil was collected from a recently reclaimed coal surface mine in Wise County, Virginia and mixed with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) sawdust biochar, simulating application rates of 2.3, 11.2 and 22.5 Mg ha-1. Unplanted leaching columns and 4 L tree planting pots were filled with these biochar-soil mixtures, plus controls of pure mine soil and pure biochar. For the tree planting pots, additional pots were created where the biochar was applied as a topdressing at the same application rates as in the mixtures. One-year-old seedlings of both American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were planted. Unplanted leaching columns were leached with collected rainwater for six months to simulate weathering. Trees were grown for one growing season. Black locust had higher average above-ground dry woody biomass (24.4 g) than American sycamore (17.0 g), and also higher below-ground biomass (61.0 g compared to 30.2 g). The pure biochar produced greater average below-ground biomass (99.9 g) than the pure mine soil (46.9 g). All of the biochar treatments produced greater average above-ground woody biomass (19.1 g – 33.4 g) than the pure mine soil (10.9 g). After weathering, biochar provided less available soil phosphorus, calcium and iron than the mine soil itself while increasing soil carbon and organic matter. High (22.5 Mg ha-1) biochar applications increased soil volumetric water holding capacity to 18.6% compared to 13.4% for pure mine soil. Naturally-occurring herbaceous biomass in the pots was negatively correlated with above-ground woody biomass at r = -0.483. Topdressing and full incorporation of biochar were not significantly different in their effects on biomass. Results suggest that pine biochar either broadcast at 2.3 - 22.5 Mg ha‑1, or mixed in planting holes with backfill soil, will promote faster above-ground growth and larger root systems in seedlings in mine soils. Further studies should test these methods in the field over multiple years and further refine recommendations of the rate of biochar to use and how best to apply it. New systems are being developed in Appalachia to produce biofuels and biochar from local biomass and to recycle biochar into the land base to enhance future biomass productivity. Applying 4 L of biochar mixed with the backfill of newly-planted trees is the top recommended practice for tree performance.
SPS Reforesta
2018-12-28 14:24:41
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/91
REFORESTA; No. 6 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Christopher Warren Fields-Johnson, John H Fike, John M Galbraith, Rory O Maguire, Susan D Day, Shepard M Zedaker, Joseph Eric Mathis
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/92
2024-01-27T14:11:05Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"200827 2020 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.6.02.55
doi
dc
Forest restoration on the former industrial land of Sulphur quarry in the Ukrainian Roztochya
Kopiy, Maria
The Ukrainian National Forestry University, 103 Gen. Chuprynka St., 79057 Lviv, Ukraine
Nijnik, Albert
Environmental Network Ltd, Aboyne, Scotland
Kopiy, Serhiy
The Ukrainian National Forestry University, 103 Gen. Chuprynka St., 79057 Lviv, Ukraine
Kopiy, Leonid
The Ukrainian National Forestry University, 103 Gen. Chuprynka St., 79057 Lviv, Ukraine
Nijnik, Maria
Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0280-9543
Presner, Ruslana
The Ukrainian National Forestry University, 103 Gen. Chuprynka St., 79057 Lviv, Ukraine
Fizyk, Igor
The Ukrainian National Forestry University, 103 Gen. Chuprynka St., 79057 Lviv, Ukraine
Agij, Vasyl
The Ukrainian National Forestry University, 103 Gen. Chuprynka St., 79057 Lviv, Ukraine
Zholobchuk, Ivanna
Ukrainian National Academy of Public Administration, the Lviv Regional Institute of State, Administration, 16 Sukhomlynskoho St., Bryukhovychi, Lviv, 79491, Ukraine
This paper adds to the evidence base in the discussion to what extent woodland development can be a means to restoring the land affected by mining. We investigate the formation of vegetation communities in sites on a former Sulphur quarry in the Roztochya district of the Lviv region in Ukraine to answer the research questions: How can the formation of vegetation cover affect the disturbed sites and what knowledge can be used in restoration practices elsewhere? We perform an experiment examining which types of vegetation are suitable for the restoration. We explore the influence of restored vegetation and re-emerged woodlands have on the process of soil rehabilitation and the increasing organic substance in it. We examine the impact of various combinations of vegetation on land rehabilitation. Explaining the degree of colonization of waste land by various types of vegetation helps us to reveal the trends of regenerative processes and identify the most promising for restoration tree species in affiliation with the ground vegetation. The results can assist decision-makers in choosing compatibility alliances of vegetation to sustain regeneration processes. Although this research is location specific, the knowledge developed can to a degree be applied to similar places, in the temperate zone.
SPS Reforesta
2018-12-28 14:24:41
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/92
REFORESTA; No. 6 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Maria Kopiy, Albert Nijnik, Serhiy Kopiy, Leonid Kopiy, Maria Nijnik, Ruslana Presner, Igor Fizuk, Vasyl Agij, Ivanna Zholobchuk
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/94
2018-12-28T13:24:41Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"181228 2018 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.6.07.60
doi
dc
Effects of substrate on germination and growth of Moringa oleifera Lam., Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth. and Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. seedlings
Ndiaye, Ousmane
Department of Agroforestry, Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor
Goudiaby, Arfang Ousmane Kemo
Department of Agroforestry, Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor, Senegal
Sambou, Antoine
Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor
Despite the importance of forests and trees, Senegal is facing to the loss of forests and the decline of tree diversity and density. This study focuses on Moringa oleifera Lam., Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth. and Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. which constitute a significant source of food and economic value for the populations of Casamance.In addition to a germination test, a follow-up of seedlings on different substrates was carried out in the nursery, in order to determine the effect of substrates on some growth parameters (number of leaves, height, diameter and biomass).The substrates used were three potting mixtures of forest soil of Faidherbia albida (FSFA), Elaeis guineensis (FSEG) and Anacardium occidentale (FSAO) and sand with the following proportion: 1/3 sand + 2/3 forest soil). Based on species, the germination rate was higher for A. mellifera (84%) followed by M.oleifera (55%) and Z. mauritiana (50%). The germination rate was more important in FSFA and FSEG than in FSAO. For growth parameters, there was a significant effect (P<0.05) of substrate type on height, diameter, number of leaves and root biomass. In term of growth parameters, the seedling performed better in FSFA and FSEG than in FSAO. The species effect was also significant (P<0.05) with higher root biomass and diameter found in M. oleifera and height and number of leaves in A. mellifera. The most important total biomass was found in FSFA followed by FSEG. Comparing the fraction of biomass according to the part of the seedling, the stem and branch had the higher fraction of biomass for A. mellifera (43%) and M. oleifera (38%) and the leaves for Z. mauritiana (46%).However, thetype of substrate can affect seedling development and growth parameters and the better results were recorded in FSFA and FSEG substrates.
SPS Reforesta
2018-12-28 14:24:41
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/94
REFORESTA; No. 6 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Ousmane Ndiaye, Arfang Kemo Goudiaby, Antoine Sambou
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/95
2018-12-28T13:24:41Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"181228 2018 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.6.05.58
doi
dc
Mid- and long-term effects of stock type on the growth and yield of spruce seedlings in a non-herbicide scenario
Thiffault, Nelson
Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nelson_Thiffault2 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-6890
Ward, Charles
Direction de la recherche forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec
Stock types used in reforestation projects can influence plantation success, as they determine the morphological attributes of the planted seedlings. They can also interact with silviculture treatments to influence early seedling survival and growth. As nurseries develop and produce new stock types in response to –and in interaction with– manager needs, research efforts must be pursued to validate early seedling performance and long-term growth and yields. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the main and interactive effects of mechanical site preparation and stock type on planted black (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) and white spruce (P. glauca [Moench.] Voss) seedling dimensions at 16-y, and estimate the long-term impact of stock type on the merchantable volume at rotation age for white spruce. We hence compared medium (200 cm3 root plug) and large (350 cm3 root plug) containerized seedlings, as well as large bare-root seedlings of both species, in a field experiment established in Quebec (Canada), where there is a ban on the use of chemical herbicides for vegetation management treatments. Our results confirm that there is a significant, although limited impact of stock type on the size of black and white spruce at the juvenile stage, when medium and large stock types are compared, but that these small differences have a negligible effect on the estimated merchantable volume produced at rotation age (60 years). Mechanical site preparation does not promote seedling growth on these rich sites with thin humus. Therefore, selection of a medium or larger stock type for reforestation projects and application of mechanical site preparation in ecosystems similar to the one studied here should be based on other considerations than growth and yield, such as seedling availability, production and planting costs, or operational constraints.
SPS Reforesta
2018-12-28 14:24:41
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/95
REFORESTA; No. 6 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Nelson Thiffault, Charles Ward
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/97
2018-12-28T13:24:41Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"181228 2018 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.6.09.62
doi
dc
Seedling Establishment on a Forest Restoration Site
Grossnickle, Steven
NurseryToForest Solutions
Seedling field performance is affected by both their quality and reforestation site conditions. Seedlings enter the establishment phase when they start to develop root systems into the surrounding soil and are coupled to the restoration site. Once seedlings are established, their inherent growth potential is related to morphological and physiological attributes and their ecophysiological response to site environmental conditions, which ultimately determines field performance. This establishment phase is a time when seedlings developed with certain nursery cultural practices begin to respond to site conditions. This phase is also a period when silvicultural practices have created microsites intended to benefit established seedlings field performance. Seedlings can be exposed to a wide range of environmental conditions during the establishment phase, some of which may be extreme enough to exceed their ability to physiologically tolerate environmental stress. When this occurs, seedling growth on the restoration site is reduced. On the other hand, this phase can provide planted seedlings with ideal environmental conditions that allow for an optimum physiological response and maximization of their growth potential. An understanding of the ecophysiological capability of planted seedlings can ensure they have the best chance at rapid stand establishment.
SPS Reforesta
2018-12-28 14:24:41
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/97
REFORESTA; No. 6 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Steven Grossnickle (Journal editor)
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/98
2018-12-28T13:24:41Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"181228 2018 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.6.06.59
doi
dc
Screening mined-out indigenous mycorrhizal fungi for the rehabilitation of mine tailing areas in the Philippines
Aggangan, Nelly Siababa
National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Los Banos
Cortes, Angelbert D
National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Los Banos
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a significant role for mine tailing rehabilitation due to their sensitivity towards a range of soil pollutants. This beneficial biological agent can enhance plant tolerance to heavy metal contamination. This study screened indigenous AMF associated with growing indigenous ferns and grasses in the mine tailings for potential use in rehabilitating a 3-decade abandoned mined out area in Mogpog, Marinduque. Pterocarpus indicus Willd. (narra) was used as the host plant to establish mycorrhizal fungi association. Among the treatments, indigenous AMF associated with Ferns 1, 2 and 5 generally improved the height and shoot diameter of the narra seedlings and the effect was comparable with commercially available AMF inoculants, MYKOVAM® and MYKORICH®. The dry weight of the roots and nodules was consistently improved by indigenous AMF from Fern2 and Grass1, which had comparable effect with MYKOVAM® and MYKORICH®. Overall, the total seedling dry matter of narra seedlings was significantly stimulated by AMF, irrespective of isolates’ origin. The mycorrhizal root infection by AMF and number of spores in the soil were all high as compared with the uninoculated control counterpart. Lastly, AMF inoculation induced Cu retention in the roots of the seedlings. Thus the results imply that, the mined out indigenous AMF are potential agents to rehabilitate the abandoned mine tailings in the Philippines.
SPS Reforesta
2018-12-28 14:24:41
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/98
REFORESTA; No. 6 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Nelly Siababa Aggangan, Angelbert D Cortes
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/99
2018-12-28T13:24:41Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"181228 2018 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.6.04.57
doi
dc
Nurse plants and the regeneration niche of tree seedlings in wood-pastures from Western and North-Western Romania
Fodor, Ecaterina
University of Oradea, Faculty of Environmental Protection, Forestry and Forest Engineering Department, Oradea, Romania
Haruta, Ovidiu
University of Oradea, Faculty of Environmental Protection, Forestry and Forest Engineering Department, Oradea, Romania
Dorog, Sorin
University of Oradea, Faculty of Environmental Protection, Forestry and Forest Engineering Department, Oradea, Romania
Facilitation is a positive interaction demonstrated to be one of the important factors shaping the regeneration niche of trees, mostly under stressful conditions which is currently studied in the frame of complex ecological networks. The protection provided by benefactor plants for tree seedlings playing the role of beneficiaries is documented mainly in arid and semi-arid habitats or in situations where herbivores’ pressure constitutes the main stressful factor for tree regeneration. One of the iconic Transylvanian landscapes is the wood-pasture, also one of the oldest agro-forestry systems to which recent forest expansion in abandoned agricultural fields or pastures is added. The proposed work represents a preliminary investigation on the association between benefactor plants, mostly spiny shrubs (Rosa canina, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa as the most frequently encountered benefactors) and tree seedlings (Quercus spp., Tilia spp., Carpinus betulus, Fraxinus angustifolia, Pyrus pyraster as most frequently encountered beneficiaries), in four different locations from North-Western and Western Romania, wood-pastures, abandoned pastures and abandoned agricultural fields under the consideration that the main stressful factor is represented by livestock grazing. Bipartite, qualitative merged network was generated depicting the interaction between beneficiaries and benefactors. Commonly used metrics were calculated: connectivity, nestedness, modularity, betweenness centrality and centralization compared to similar facilitation networks presented in the literature. Facilitation network is characterized by high nestedness (N=0.896), lack of modularity, relatively high connectance (C=0.233), features encountered in mutualistic networks also. Betweenness centrality scores highlighted the keystone benefactor and beneficiary species, while betweenness centralization score (0.192) indicates the fact that there are several species sharing the dominant position in terms of interactions. The analysis of measurement data (seedlings’ and benefactor plants’ heights, distance from focal seedlings to nearest benefactor species and orientation) showed that there is common pattern in orientation (most of the benefactor species oriented toward South or South West) also in dimensional variability (MANOVA results).
SPS Reforesta
2018-12-28 14:24:41
application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/99
REFORESTA; No. 6 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Ecaterina Fodor, Ovidiu Haruta, Sorin Dorog
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/100
2019-01-17T07:32:26Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"181228 2018 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.6.08.61
doi
dc
The effect of seed size grading on seed use efficiency and height of one-year-old container-grown Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings
Novikov, Arthur I.
Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Arthur_Novikov http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1230-0433
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vladan_Ivetic http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
The seed of Pinus sylvestris L. originating from natural forest in Voronezh region, Russian Federation, was graded in four classes based on seed diameter size, using the operational equipment of screens with round openings. The ungraded seedlot was used as control. Seedlings were produced in Voronezh containerized forest nursery, from March to September 2015, following the standard procedure for Pinus sylvestris. Seed from each size class, plus control, is sown in containers with 120 cm3 cells, filled with peat-substrate, grown in greenhouse for eight weeks, followed by hardening in growing area until the end of the growing season. The results shows a week positive effect of seed grading on height of one-year old container-grown seedlings, but significant improvement of seed use efficiency by reducing the number of empty cells. Based on results of this study, we can recommend grading of Pinus sylvestris seed on two size classes.
SPS Reforesta
2018-12-28 14:24:41
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/100
REFORESTA; No. 6 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Arthur I. Novikov, Vladan Ivetić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/102
2019-06-28T12:27:42Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"190628 2019 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.7.07.69
doi
dc
Is the recommended pH for growing hardwood seedlings wrong?
South, David B.
Emeritus Professor, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, AL
Two schools of thought address the optimum soil pH (measured in water) for growing hardwood seedlings in bareroot nurseries. One school uses nutrient surveys in non-fertilized forests to determine the best pH range for growing seedlings in fertilized nurseries. Some students of this school believe hardwood seedlings grow best at pH 6.0 to 7.5. In contrast, another school relies on research from pH trials to conclude that fertilized hardwoods can grow well in soils that range from pH 4.5 to 6.0. This article compiles some of the findings from seedbed and greenhouse trials and attempts to use data to dispel a few myths about the “optimum pH” for growing hardwood seedlings. Greenhouse trials suggest many fertilized hardwoods grow better in acid soils (pH 4-6) than in nearly neutral soils (pH 6.0-7.5). The optimal pH for growth differs among species and, therefore, it is a myth that all hardwood seedlings grow best at pH 6 to 7.5. Most nursery managers in the southern United States grow bareroot hardwoods between pH 4.8 and 6.0.
SPS Reforesta
2019-06-28 14:27:42
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/102
REFORESTA; No. 7 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 David B. South
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/103
2019-06-28T12:27:42Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"190628 2019 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.7.08.70
doi
dc
Somatic Embryogenesis for Conifer Seedling Production
Denchev, Plamen
Tissue Culture Solutions, Canada
Grossnickle, Steven C.
NurseryToForest Solutions, Canada
Conifer somatic embryogenesis has long been recognized as an advanced vegetative propagation technology. Somatic embryogenesis provides a platform for capturing and long-term preservation of elite genotypes and developing commercial scale-up systems for mass production of plants. Although, significant success has been reported in improving conifer somatic embryogenic protocols, little has been presented to describe the complexity of integrating in vitro (laboratory) and ex-vitro (greenhouse) programs for developing a commercial production system capable of delivering tens of millions of conifer somatic seedlings. This integration requires both programs to run in concert and produce propagules capable of surviving and growing under greenhouse conditions at very early stages. It also requires the integration of seedling development events to ensure the production of quality seedlings that meet needs of the forest restoration program.
This paper describes the importance of protocol optimization for scaling-up the in vitro and ex vitro programs. The ‘biology of scaling’ is discussed in view of plant cell, embryo, germinant and somatic seedling requirements throughout the program. Logistical issues related to protocol optimization and scale-up are addressed. Specific control points for monitoring and controlling the commercial process are presented. The importance of developing standard operating procedures, media batch records, and quality control systems are discussed. Ultimately, a fully integrated system capable of producing tens of millions of conifer somatic seedlings is presented.
SPS Reforesta
2019-06-28 14:27:42
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/103
REFORESTA; No. 7 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Plamen Denchev, Steven C. Grossnickle
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/104
2019-12-31T01:37:56Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"191231 2019 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.8.04.74
doi
dc
Reforestation in Venezuela – current situation and future perspectives
Visaez, Francisco
Maderas del Orinoco
Greaves, Eduardo D.
Universidad Simon Bolivar
The location of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela in the tropical region of northern South America, in the Northern Hemisphere, with a total area of 91.64 million ha, of which 49.6 million correspond to natural forests (54.12 % of the national territory). Venezuela shows a series of geographic advantages that allow a rapid growth and development of the trees in comparison with the temperate zones where the growth is extremely slow. However, the occurrence of deforestation processes has intensified in a sustained way in the recent history of the country.
In the period from 1920 to 2008, the loss of 26.43% of the forested area has been recorded. Likewise, in the period 1975-1988, deforestation was estimated at 216,000 ha year-1, equivalent to 2.9 million ha in 13 years (Catalan 1992). Deforestation has now increased to worrying levels and according to FAO estimates (2010), in Venezuela, a forested area of more than 288.000 ha year-1 is deforested.
In the middle of the 20th century several public and private institutions began an important effort to reforest areas of sandy soils of scarce depth on a bed of highly impermeable clay. With erosion processes generated as a result of strong winds that causes severe damage to the little existing vegetation. It was expected that with the passage of time this region could become a desert in the oriental plains of Venezuela. This is how the Maderas del Orinoco Companies (CVG - PROFORCA), the Venezuelan Corporation of Guayana (CVG), Smurfit Kappa Cartón of Venezuela, San Carlos Forestry Development, Masisa. Propulso, among others, started in different regions of the country the establishment of plantations for various purposes. For this they have used fast growing forest species such as: Pinus caribaea var hondurensis, Eucalyptus Urophylla, Acacia magnium, Caraipa llanorum, Tectonia grandis, Hebea brasiliens, Gmelina arborea, Erisma uncinatum, among others. At present, a reforested area of 650.000 ha has been reached. This has favored the protection of natural habitats by reducing the pressure for exploitation and use of the forests.
The legal framework established in the new National Constitution, approved in 1998, is based on decrees of 1825-1829 of the Liberator Simón Bolívar and classifies the territory in diverse forest areas establishing a modern environmental conservation policy. A historical summary and the current legislation with the classification that promises a rational management of the national territory is presented.
SPS Reforesta
2019-12-31 02:37:56
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/104
REFORESTA; No. 8 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Francisco Visaez, Eduardo D. Greaves
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/106
2019-06-28T12:27:42Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"190628 2019 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.7.03.65
doi
dc
Growth characteristics of one-year-old seedlings of three autochthonous oak species in suboptimal growing conditions
Šušić, Nikola
University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Belgrade, Serbia http://www.imsi.bg.ac.rs/sr/cv_template_sr/?cv_title=z_&id_zap=203 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2989-7096
Bobinac, Martin
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Bauer-Živković, Andrijana
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Urošević, Jelena
Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia
Kerkez Janković, Ivona
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
The paper presents the growth characteristics of one-year-old seedlings of three autochthonous oak species (Fagaceae family): Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.), Hungarian oak (Quercus frainetto Ten.) and downy oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) in suboptimal growing conditions. The analyzed oak species are widely distributed in Serbia. One of the most important benefits of oak species is wood production (Hungarian and Turkey oak), and they have a promising role for the use in the future regarding the climate change as all species can be encountered on dry sites. Acorns were collected in the autumn of 2017 in natural stands and a sample of 400 acorns per each oak species was immediately sown in a nursery seedbed in the form of a random block system with four replicates. At the end of 2018, the available sample of seedlings was analyzed morphometrically. The seedlings were classified according to the number of shoot growth flushes into one-flush-growth and multi-flush growth seedlings. Turkey Oak had the highest number of seedlings which also recorded higher values in total height, root collar diameter and number of leaves. These results were obtained on alkaline soil with the presence of weeds and rodents and the absence of irrigating. The presence of multi-flush growth was recorded in all three oak species. Differences between analyzed three oak species exist in these suboptimal conditions. However, in full light conditions, a similar growth pattern was recorded, indicating to the similar adaptability of the species.
SPS Reforesta
2019-06-28 14:27:42
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/106
REFORESTA; No. 7 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Nikola Šušić, Martin Bobinac, Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić, Andrijana Bauer-Živković, Jelena Urošević, Ivona Kerkez Janković
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/107
2019-06-28T12:27:42Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"190627 2019 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.7.02.64
doi
dc
Maximizing seed germination in five species of the genus Acacia (Fabaceae Mimosaceae)
Kheloufi, Abdenour
Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna, Algeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-349X
Boukhatem, Faiza Zineb
Department of Biotechnology, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
Mansouri, Lahouaria Mounia
Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna, Algeria
Djelilate, Mohamed
Department of Biology, University of Relizane, Relizane, Algeria
Seeds of many tree-species possess a hard seed coat which is impervious to water. These seeds often take a long time to germinate, resulting in heterogeneity and a delay in seedlings development which is an inconvenience for reforestation success. The aim of the present work was to determine the possibilities to improve the germination of five leguminous trees of the genus Acacia that have been recorded in the arid and the desert region of Algeria using sulphuric acid. A duration of 30 min of immersion in sulphuric acid improved the seed germination up to 97.5% and 99% for A. albida and A. laeta, respectively. Increasing the time of immersion (from 30 to 90 min) improved the germination percentages for A. ehrenbergiana and A. seyal seeds to 92.5% and 93.7%, respectively. Increasing this duration to 120 min had a positive effect on A. tortilis seed germination, improving the final germination rate up to 97%. Understanding of seed Germination Requirements is very important for regeneration and successful tree establishment in forest nurseries as well as for direct plantation in arid and semi-arid lands.
SPS Reforesta
2019-06-28 14:27:42
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/107
REFORESTA; No. 7 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Abdenour Kheloufi, Faiza Zineb Boukhatem, Lahouaria Mounia Mansouri, Mohamed Djelilate
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/108
2019-06-28T12:27:42Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"190628 2019 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.7.05.67
doi
dc
TREND-RUN model application of surface temperature and its implications for South African forestry and reforestation using local weather services data
Jimmy, Raven
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Durban, South Africa
Govender, Pramanathan
Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
Bencherif, Hassan
Laboratorie de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones, Université de La Réunion, La Réunion, France
Moodley, Matthew
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Durban, South Africa
Temperature can directly and indirectly impact the livelihood of inhabitants of a country and the natural environment as a whole. The surface temperature trend approximations for South Africa (SA) were calculated using a linear-regression fitting model. The model was adapted at The University of Reunion Island and was referred to as the Trend-Run model. The geophysical signal of the model was split into a sum of oscillations, which was used to clarify most of its variability. The trend values were calculated from the residual terms as a linear function. The model used atmospheric oscillations, which included Annual (AO), Semi-Annual (SAO), Quasi-Biennial Oscillations (QBO), El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the 11-years solar cycle-Sun Spot Number (SSN) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The South African Weather Service (SAWS) data were used for the study. Data sets over a 31-year period, from March 1980 to December 2011, were used to measure the validity of the Trend-Run model, to determine the contribution and effect of this particular oscillation, and the validity of the model. The Trend-Run model showed very high applicability to the surface temperatures in all provinces across the SA region under investigation. High coefficient of determination values between (0.70-0.91) were recorded for surface temperatures across all provinces in the country with minor variations. The AO, ENSO and SAO were the highest contributing forcings in the model, thereby showing their high relevance to the success of this model in the study area. The temperature increases are expected to negatively impact on the biomes of SA, including the forest biome. Selected tree species of Acacia, Eucalyptus and Pinus could be impacted negatively with rising temperatures, which would negatively impact on the forestry industry in SA. As expected, the model did obtain a high success rate that ranged from 70% to 91% in the areas under study, however, there was still room for improvement by the possible inclusion of additional atmospheric forcings to the model that maybe be applicable to the weather and forestry distribution in SA.
SPS Reforesta
2019-06-28 14:27:42
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/108
REFORESTA; No. 7 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Raven Jimmy, Pramanathan Govender, Hassan Bencherif, Matthew Moodley
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/109
2019-06-28T12:27:42Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"190628 2019 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.7.04.66
doi
dc
Physio-biochemical characterization of two acacia species (A. karroo Hayn and A. saligna Labill.) under saline conditions
Kheloufi, Abdenour
Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna, Algeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-349X
Mansouri, Lahouaria Mounia
Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna, Algeria
Mami, Anas
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
Djelilate, Mohamed
Department of Biology, University of Relizane, Relizane, Algeria
Drought and salinity act simultaneously in tolerance and acclimatization under saline conditions. Therefore, plants subjected to these types of stress should have developed specific structural adaptations at the early stages of development. The solution to these environmental problems is to look for species that are relatively water-efficient and resistant to recurrent episodes of various abiotic stresses such as salt stress. In this study, the salinity tolerance index, ionic homeostasis and osmoprotection were evaluated in A. karroo and A. saligna plants of 90 days old and cultured at various concentrations of NaCl for 21 days. Results showed that salt caused remarkable changes in some growth-related parameters (dry biomass) represented by the salinity tolerance index (STI). Na+, Ca2+, and RatioNa+/K+ content in the leaves increased with salinity levels, while K+ contents were significantly reduced compared to the control in both acacia species. Levels of proline, total free amino acids and reducing sugars have been accumulated considerably in the leaves. A. karroo was more salt-tolerant than A. saligna. Our results showed that the adaptability of a species to salinity is closely related to ion selectivity and biomass production. The seedlings also accumulated significantly a set of important osmolytes in leaves under salt stress, showing a marked increase in secondary metabolite accumulation. This adaptation proved very specific to each species for better survival in saline environments.
SPS Reforesta
2019-06-28 14:27:42
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/109
REFORESTA; No. 7 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Abdenour Kheloufi, Lahouaria Mounia Mansouri, Anas Mami, Mohamed Djelilate
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/110
2019-06-28T12:27:42Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"190628 2019 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.7.06.68
doi
dc
Seed germination of Crataegus monogyna – a species with a stony endocarp
Kheloufi, Abdenour
Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna, Algeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-349X
Mansouri, Lahouaria Mounia
Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna, Algeria
Vanbellinghen, Cécile
Department of Quality and Animal Welfare, Seed Testing Laboratory, Chemin de Liroux, Gembloux, Belgium
The present work demonstrates the effects of moist cold stratification on seed dormancy breaking in Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.). We also examined the fruit and seed morphology. Mature and ripe fruits were collected, the pulp removed and the seeds (stones) left in the sun to dry for three days. Four temperature regimes viz. 4°C, 6.5°C (natural conditions where the fruits were harvested), 10°C and 20°C were used for stimulating seed germination under total darkness. For each treatment, there were four replicates with 50 seeds incubated in a plastic container between two layers of moist sand at 15%. At the end of the experiment, non-germinating seeds were tested for viability using Tetrazolium chloride (TZ). After 4 months, the final germination (FGP) was expressed as a percentage of the total number of seeds in each treatment. The fruits of Hawthorn were 14.9 ± 0.73 mm long and 15.1 ± 0.84 mm in diameter and weigh 2.05 ± 0.28 g. The seeds were 8.29 ± 0.43 mm long and 6.75 ± 0.39 mm in diameter and weigh (0.25 ± 0.04) g. The thousand-fruit weight was 2,000 g and of the thousand-seeds weight was 280 g. The statistical analysis indicated significant effect (p < 0.0001) of treatment on seed germination. Dormancy in this species was broken most effectively by cold stratification at 4°C and under natural conditions with 76% and 67.5% of FGP, respectively. Most of the nongerminated seeds of C. monogyna were viable (dormant) as judged by TZ.
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2019-06-28 14:27:42
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/110
REFORESTA; No. 7 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Abdenour Kheloufi, Lahouaria Mounia Mansouri, Cécile Vanbellinghen
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/111
2020-06-30T17:13:23Z
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oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/111
2020-06-30T17:40:14Z
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"200630 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Black locust stand structure on the sterile dump in the middle basin of Jiu River (Romania)
BUZATU-GOANȚĂ (née) HERNEA, Cornelia
Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania
Corneanu, Mihaela
Nețoiu, Constantin
Buzatu, Andrei
Lăcătușu, Anca Rovena
Cojocaru, Luminița
Introduced in 1750 as an ornamental tree and then in 1852 as a forest tree species, black locust occupied nowadays 250,000 ha in Romania. The tree species is important for its wood (lumber, poles, firewood, etc.), its honey-related production as well as its environmental role (afforestation of sand dunes and sterile dumps).
One of the most important activities in the middle basin of Jiu River is coal mining. After 1956 this activity has developed very quickly and two power plants were built in Rovinari and Turceni. As a result, sterile dumps and coal ash dumps have established so it was necessary to restore the area by afforestation. This activity started with the sterile dump Viaduct Rovinari, using Austrian pine and black locust, and continued with others such as Cocoreni and Moi. The most used tree species for ecological restoration was black locust. In order to express the stand structure, diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (H) and crown diameter were measured. The soil analysis were performed and showed differences in the content of heavy metals and radionuclides for both location. The study revealed positive correlations between DBH and H, a stronger one for Moi plantation. Our research highlights the capacity of black locust to establish and grow under very difficult site conditions.
SPS Reforesta
2020-06-30 19:40:14
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/111
REFORESTA; No. 9 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Cornelia BUZATU-GOANȚĂ (née) HERNEA, Mihaela Corneanu, Constantin Nețoiu, Andrei Buzatu, Anca Rovena Lăcătușu, Luminița Cojocaru
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/112
2024-01-27T14:11:03Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"201013 2020 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.8.01.71
doi
dc
Application of a PhotoThermal model for container-grown conifer seedling production
Grossnickle, Steven
NurseryToForest Solutions
This study applied a total energy approach to model seedling growth for container-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Seedlings were grown in three container stocktypes representing a range of cavity volume and density patterns. These seedlings were grown under both controlled greenhouse and outside compound environmental conditions under well-defined cultural conditions. Models for temperature and light ranges were created from work on the ecophysiological performance and morphological development of loblolly pine to these atmospheric conditions. A PhotoThermal data set was created by generating hourly averages of these two environmental variables during the growing season. Light and temperature data were integrated, each weighted equally, into PhotoThermal hours (PTH) to assess the crop growth response. Loblolly pine seedling growth in both the greenhouse and outside compound was directly related to PTH. Seedling growth was also related to the container type with the largest cavity volume and lowest cavity density having the greatest growth per PTH. Application of the PhotoThermal model is discussed for growing seedlings in an operational program having multiple production steps, delivery dates and nursery locations.
SPS Reforesta
2019-12-31 02:37:56
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/112
REFORESTA; No. 8 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Steven Grossnickle
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/114
2019-12-31T01:37:56Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"191231 2019 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.8.03.73
doi
dc
Potassium fertilization in bareroot nurseries in the southern US: a review
South, David B.
School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, AL
This review covers most of the published literature on potassium (K) fertilization in bareroot seedbeds with the intent to concentrate on the southern United States. The timing and rates of K fertilization for bareroot seedlings are often based on logic and myths and, as a result, K recommendations vary considerably. Some recommend bareroot pine seedlings be fertilized with twice as much K as nitrogen (N) while others apply less than 100 kg ha-1. It was determined that several long-held claims about K fertilization are invalid. Nursery seedbeds do not need to contain four times as much available K as N and the belief that extra K fertilization will increase freeze tolerance or drought resistance of non-deficient seedlings is invalid. There are no data to support the claim that K fertilization increases root growth or assists in the formation of terminal buds. For sandy seedbeds, there is no need to apply K before sowing. Adding extra K during the fall does not increase seedling morphology or seedling performance when loblolly pine seedlings, at lifting, have more than 0.5% K in needles. A reduction of K fertilization can be achieved by reviewing foliar tests prior to K top-dressings.
SPS Reforesta
2019-12-31 02:37:56
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/114
REFORESTA; No. 8 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 David B. South
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/115
2020-02-11T11:29:34Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"191231 2019 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.8.02.72
doi
dc
Acorn size influence on the quality of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) one-year old seedlings
Devetaković, Jovana R
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry http://www.sfb.bg.ac.rs/jovana-devetakovic/ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3840-6458
Nonić, Marina
Prokić, Bojan
Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
Popović, Vladan
Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is one of the most important deciduous tree species in the Serbian and European forests. Different negative factors limit natural regeneration of pedunculate oak forests, so producing of high quality seedlings becomes imperative to ensure successful forest restoration. This research was conducted with to aim to determine whether acorn size is related to seedlings quality. Acorns were collected from the natural pedunculate oak forest and divided into two groups by their size. Acorns were sown in the spring into plastic containers after five months cold storage. Size of acorns was in the standard species range, though germination was low (< 20 %). Germination was more then double in group of large acorns in comparison to group of smaller acorns (19.2 %, respectively 8.6 %). Height and root collar diameter of produced seedlings were lower than seedlings produced in seedbeds in commercial nurseries in Serbia, but it was in range of container produced seedlings in some similar researches. Height to root collar diameter ratio and shoot to root ratio were considered as satisfactory for containerized seedlings. There was not strong correlation between acorn size and seedlings quality attributes.
SPS Reforesta
2019-12-31 02:37:56
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/115
REFORESTA; No. 8 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Jovana R Devetaković, Marina Nonić, Bojan Prokić, Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić, Vladan Popović
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/116
2020-07-01T13:22:57Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"200701 2020 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.9.09.83
doi
dc
Pollen’s contributions to Siberias forests
Williams, Claire
Department of Environmental Sciences, American University, Washington D.C.
Makhnykina, Anastasia
Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Ecology and Geography, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
How pollen shapes forests and forestry can be illustrated using Siberia’s boreal forests which have historically produced some of the highest pollen concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere. Pollen’s contributions are categorized as follows: 1) forests and timber, 2) nontimber products and services and 3) emerging research at the forest-atmosphere interface. Examples are drawn from Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), Pinus sibirica (Siberian stone pine) and Pinus koreansis (Korean pine). Pine pollen is not only vital to timber and nontimber products but it serves as a well-studied model system for atmospheric studies.
SPS Reforesta
2020-06-30 19:40:14
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/116
REFORESTA; No. 9 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Claire Williams, Anastasia Makhnykina
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/116
2020-06-30T17:13:23Z
REFOR:REV
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/119
2020-06-30T17:40:14Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"200630 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Effect of using harvesting residues as a nursery media on seedling weight in Brutian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.)
Çetinkaya, Durmuş
Bilir, Nebi
Forestry Faculty of Suleyman Demirel Univetsity
Effects of harvesting residues (needle, bark and branch) on fresh and dry weights of two-year bare root seedlings originated from a seed stand and a seed orchard were examined in Brutian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) to contribute nursery practices of the species and to estimate utilization possibility of the residues. Averages of seedling fresh and dry weights were 9.24 g and 3.36 g, respectively in polled treatments and origins. Results of analysis of variance showed significant differences (p≤0.05) among the treatments and between seed sources for the fresh and dry weights. Total averages of water content were 61.20% in root, 64.69% in stem and 63.75% in fresh weight of full seedling. Seed orchard seedlings had higher water content in root, stem and full seedling than seed stand seedlings opposite to fresh and dry weights. Averages of water content ranged from 60.39% (control treatment) to 65.94% (bark treatment) in full seedling of polled treatments and seed sources.
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2020-06-30 19:40:14
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/119
REFORESTA; No. 9 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Durmuş Çetinkaya, Nebi Bilir
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/119
2020-06-30T17:13:23Z
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driver
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/120
2020-06-30T17:13:23Z
REFOR:REV
driver
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/121
2020-07-01T13:08:29Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"200630 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Effect of temperature on seed germination of two Callistemon species (Myrtaceae)
Kheloufi, Abdenour
University of Batna2, Algeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-349X
Mounia Mansouri, Lahouaria
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna 05000, Algeria
Telali, Ibtissam
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna 05000, Algeria
Slimani, Selsabil
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna 05000, Algeria
The genus Callistemon belongs to the family Myrtaceae and comprises 34 species. They are woody aromatic trees or shrubs that are widely distributed in the wet tropics. According to the scientific literature, research on seed germination of this genus was rarely carried out. The germination requirements of Callistemon citrinus and Callistemon linearis were studied under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Seeds of both species were tested for germination at constant temperatures of 25°C, 30°C, 40°C, and at room temperature (23 ± 2°C) coupled with total darkness. Seeds were sown in Petri dishes (0.8% agar water) for 25 days of incubation. The kinetics of germination was determined according to four closely related parameters viz. final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) and time to 50% germination (T50). The room temperature of 23 ± 2 °C was found optimally suitable for both species, with 80% FGP and 11.1 days MGT for C. citrinus, and only 21.7% FGP and 12.4 days MGT were recorded for C. linearis. Furthermore, significant decrease in FGP was observed in both species at 25°C, 30°C and 40°C of temperature. The analysis also revealed that day 12-15 after seed sowing is suitable for final counts. Due of its very low FGP, seeds of C. linearis need an additional study to determine their viability.
SPS Reforesta
2020-06-30 19:40:14
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/121
REFORESTA; No. 9 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Abdenour Kheloufi, Lahouaria Mounia Mansouri, Ibtissam Telali, Selsabil Slimani
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/121
2020-06-30T17:13:23Z
REFOR:ART
driver
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/123
2020-06-30T17:13:23Z
REFOR:ART
driver
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/123
2020-07-01T13:24:25Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"200701 2020 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.9.06.80
doi
dc
Effect of temperature and salinity on germination and seedling establishment of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae)
Kheloufi, Abdenour
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna 05000, Algeria
Mounia Mansouri, Lahouaria
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna 05000, Algeria
Zerrouni, Rawnak
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna 05000, Algeria
Abdelhamid, Okba
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna 05000, Algeria
The tree of heaven Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle is a multipurpose tree in forestry. However, it is considered an invasive and dangerous plant for native species, and in particular for national parks, where many studies have recorded their involvement in the disturbance of the already developed floral diversity. Assessing the impact of certain abiotic conditions on this species may identify the expected areas to be colonized by its seed propagation. Germination of tree of heaven were tested for germination at constant temperatures of 25, 30, 40°C, and at room temperature varying from 25-30°C coupled with total darkness. Seeds were sown in Petri dishes (0.8% agar water) for 6 days of incubation. The kinetic of germination was determined according to five closely related parameters viz. final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG), time to 50% germination (T50) and seedling length (SL). For the saline condition, the seeds underwent various NaCl concentrations from 0, 50, 100 or 200 mM. For each treatment, there were four replicates with 50 seeds incubated in a plastic container between two layers of moist sand at 15% of the appropriate treatment and then placed in a culture chamber at 27°C (± 2°C) for 30-day period. The effect of temperature was not significant on the MGT, CVG and T50. However, it was significant (p< 0.0001) on FGP and SL. The maximum germination of 94% was obtained at a temperature of 30°C and the lowest FGP of 40% was obtained at 25°C. For the salinity effect, the FGP of 75% in the control was much higher compared to the seeds treated at 50 mM NaCl with only 17.2% of FGP. Germination was completely inhibited from 100 mM NaCl. A. altissima can be classified as sensitive to salt stress during seed germination and seedling emergence. The salinity effect then joined the temperature to monitor nature's A. altissima seed propagation.
SPS Reforesta
2020-06-30 19:40:14
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/123
REFORESTA; No. 9 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Abdenour Kheloufi, Lahouaria Mounia Mansouri, Rawnak Zerrouni, Okba Abdelhamid
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/124
2020-06-30T17:13:23Z
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driver
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/124
2020-06-30T17:40:14Z
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driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"200630 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Effect of pre-soaking substrate and light availability on seed germination and seedling establishment of Dracaena draco (L.) L., a threatened species
Kheloufi, Abdenour
University of Batna2, Algeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-349X
Boukhecha, Mohamed
Ouachi, Aziza
The Dragon tree, Dracaena draco (L.) L., is an extremely threatened species. Its natural regeneration is disturbed and population appears to decrease rapidly. To design appropriate germination and seedling establishment protocols for a species conservation and restoration program, we studied the effects of pre-soaking, substrate and light availability treatment on seed germination for 15-day period. The condition for light availability corresponded to the sowing depth (at surface or at 2 cm depth). Germination occurred better in the dark when seeds were sown at 2 cm depth. Our results showed that D. draco seeds sown in the sand under dark condition and after 24 hours pre-soaking in warm water germinated better and recorded 82.5% of final germination percentage (FGP). However, seedlings grew better in potting soil and recorded 54 mm of length. The maximum FGP of 51.3% was recorded under light condition. These results indicate that sowing depth and light availability could be a limiting factor for D. draco seed germination in natural condition. Furthermore, the establishment of D. draco seedlings (shoot and root length) during an 8-week period in pots was also assessed and illustrated. More research on seed ecophysiology is required to understand the mechanisms controlling seed germination of D. draco in arid and semi-arid conditions viz. salinity and drought.
SPS Reforesta
2020-06-30 19:40:14
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/124
REFORESTA; No. 9 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Abdenour Kheloufi, Mohamed Boukhecha, Aziza Ouachi
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/125
2020-06-30T17:40:14Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"200630 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Growth and quality of Pinus nigra (Arn.), Pinus sylvestris (L.) and Pinus pinaster (Aiton) seedlings in two container types
Dina Kolevska, Dana
Dimitrova, Anastazija
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:19:"Faculty of Forestry";}
Cokoski, Kristijan
Basova, Mare
Abstract
In this study we investigated the dynamics of growth and quality features of 1+0 Austrian Pine (AP; Pinus nigra Arn.), Scots Pine (SP; Pinus sylvestris L.) and Maritime Pine (MP; Pinus pinaster Aiton) seedlings in containers Yukosad (YS; hard plastic, 75cm3, 610 seedlings m-2) and Siset (SS; gray cardboard with white coating, 128 cm3, 589 seedlings m-2). The experiment, for all Pine species, was conducted in randomized blocks in four replications. Each replication contained 10 multipots of each container type. After the seed germination, every 15 days, i.e. 10 times during the vegetation season, 10 seedlings of each of 4 replications, i.e. 40 seedlings of each container and Pine species, were analyzed. The following morphological characteristics were measured: shoot height (SH), root collar diameter (RCD), shoot dry weight (SDW), number, length and dry weight (RDW) of I, II and III order lateral roots (FOLR, SOLR and TOLR) and of the central root. Quality ratios and indexes were calculated. The dynamics of growth of selected features during the vegetation season was expressed as trend lines. AP and SP seedlings, grown in containers YS had higher values of almost all measured traits (SH, RCD, SDW, number, length and dry weight of FOLR, SOLR and TOLR). However, in AP, the SS seedlings had better values of quality indexes and ratios (SQ, DQI, SDW/RDW and RDW/SDW ratio), than YS seedlings. SP seedlings, except for SQ, had better quality indexes in YS container. MP seedlings, with some exceptions, have better above ground quality features in SS containers, while root systems don’t differ significantly in both containers. Root quality indicators (root intensity and root bound indexes) are more favorable in SS containers in all Pine species. The polynomial trend lines in AP and SP grow in similar way and intensity in both containers, gradually increasing during the vegetation season. MP seedlings differ in much more intensive growth of above ground features, especially in the half of the vegetative period in both containers, while during this period root quantity and length stagnates. Generally, the quality of AP and SP seedlings is more or less equal and satisfactory in both containers, while MP seedlings show slightly better results in SS container.
SPS Reforesta
2020-06-30 19:40:14
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/125
REFORESTA; No. 9 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Dana Dina Kolevska, Anastazija Dimitrova, Kristijan Cokoski, Mare Basova
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/125
2020-06-30T17:13:23Z
REFOR:ART
driver
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/126
2020-06-30T17:40:14Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"200630 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Afforestation in barren laterite lands with Swietenia macrophylla G. King and plant growth promoting microbes
Arumugam, Karthikeyan
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:47:"institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding ";}
Barren laterite lands are available plenty in Kasargode District of Kerala, India and being used mainly for extracting laterite bricks for building construction. These lands are found barren due to lack of vegetation and rocky nature. Afforestation in these lands is very essential to avoid extraction of laterite bricks so as to prevent degradation of lands. To develop vegetation in these laterite lands the soil properties of laterite was examined as a first step of afforestation process. It was found that the soils have lack of plant growth promoting microbes (PGPM) and poor in major nutrients (N, P, K). Therefore, the PGPM specifically arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus fasciculatum and Glomus geosporum) and bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus megaterium) were used for afforestation in laterite lands along with Swietenia macrophylla G. King a commercially important tree of Kerala, India. The laterite soils were collected and used as potting media for growing seedlings of S. macrophylla in nursery and the cultured PGPM were inoculated in to the seedlings of S. macrophylla and maintained for 3 months. The PGPM inoculated seedlings showed improved growth, biomass and nutrient uptake. Thereafter the seedlings were transplanted at laterite lands at Karmanthodi, Bovikanam, Kasargode, Kerala, India and monitored their growth for 12 months. The seedlings inoculated with PGPM showed up to 98% survival rate with improved growth. From this study it was understood that PGPM have the potential to increase the efficiency of plant growth system in S. macrophylla seedlings through supply of essential levels of N, P and K that helped for successful afforestation in hardy laterite lands.
SPS Reforesta
2020-06-30 19:40:14
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/126
REFORESTA; No. 9 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Karthikeyan Arumugam
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/126
2020-06-30T17:13:23Z
REFOR:ART
driver
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/127
2020-07-01T13:08:30Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"200630 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Use of copper in pine nurseries
South, David B.
School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, AL
Payne, Nina
School of Forestry and Wildlife Science, Auburn University, AL
Copper has been used by nursery managers for more than 100 years to suppress fungi and as a fertilizer for more than 50 years. Consequently, nursery seedlings with copper deficiencies are rare, especially for broadleaf species. In many nurseries, soil contains <10 μg-Cu g-1 and in greenhouse trials, pine seedlings are relatively tolerant of soil levels with 35 μg-Cu g-1. A million bareroot pine seedlings may contain 50 to 100 g-Cu and, when soil tests indicate low copper levels, managers might apply 1 kg-Cu per million seedlings. In contrast, it may take only 15 g-Cu to produce one million container-grown seedlings. Copper fertilization is typically not required when 30 cm of applied irrigation water contains 0.1 μg-Cu g-1 (supplying 0.3 kg-Cu ha-1). This review highlights some of the past and current uses of copper in bareroot and container nurseries with a focus on deficiency and toxicity effects as well as the impact of various copper-based products and provides recommendations on ideal soil and foliar ranges.
SPS Reforesta
2020-06-30 19:40:14
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/127
REFORESTA; No. 9 (2020)
eng
Global
Copyright (c) 2020 David B. South, Nina Payne
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/128
2024-01-27T14:10:52Z
REFOR:REV
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"210105 2021 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.10.05.88
doi
dc
Irrigation in pine nurseries
South, David B.
School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, AL https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3902-3950
Nadel, Ryan
School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, AL
This review provides information and opinions about irrigation practices in pine nurseries. Even when nurseries receive more than 15 mm of rainfall week-1, managers irrigate seedbeds to increase germination, increase seed efficiency, and increase root growth. In the southern United States, a 7-month old pine seedling in an outdoor nursery typically receives 2 to 6 kg of water supplied from either sprinklers (39 nurseries) or center-pivot irrigation (12 nurseries). Most nursery managers do not intentionally subject the crop to moisture stress, since most reforestation sites receive adequate rainfall, and many studies show that reducing root mass does not increase seedling performance. In fact, nursery profits can be reduced by more than $13,000 ha-1 when deficit irrigation reduces average seedling diameter by 1 mm. Although some researchers believe that failure to properly drought stress pine seedlings might increase outplanting mortality by up to 75%, research over the past 40 years does not support that myth. When pine seedlings average 5 mm (at the root-collar), water stress is not a reliable method of increasing tolerance to an October freeze event. In several greenhouse trials, researchers grew and tested seedlings that nursery managers would classify as culls (i.e., dry root mass < 0.5 g). Unfortunately, it is common for researchers to make irrigation recommendations without first developing a water-production function curve.
SPS Reforesta
2020-12-30 15:25:59
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/128
REFORESTA; No. 10 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 David B. South, Ryan Nadel
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/130
2024-01-27T14:11:00Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"201230 2020 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.10.01.84
doi
dc
Effect of seawater irrigation on germination and seedling growth of Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) from Gouraya National park (Béjaïa, Algeria)
Kheloufi, Abdenour
University of Batna2, Algeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-349X
Mansouri, Lahouaria Mounia
The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is an important component of the Mediterranean vegetation and its cultivation is important environmentally and economically. It is also an interesting leguminous species for afforestation-reforestation. In this study, carob seeds collected in a representative area of the Mediterranean basin at the national park of Gouraya (Béjaïa, Algeria), were subjected to germination tests under Mediterranean seawater (SW) irrigation of different concentrations (0, 10, 30, 50 and 100% SW) for 15-day period. Before germination tests, a 20 min pre-treatment with 96% sulphuric acid was necessary to overcome seed coat dormancy which does not permit germination. Results showed that the seeds of C. siliqua were able to germinate at different seawater concentration, except for 50% SW and 100% SW which resulted in total inhibition of germination. The maximum number of C. siliqua seed germination of 100% FGP (final germination percentage) appeared at 0% SW and 10% SW. Only 35.5% of the seeds have germinated in 30% SW. Ungerminated seeds of C. siliqua from different SW treatments showed medium germination recovery (FGPRecov) of 39.9% at 50% SW and low recovery of 18.2% at 100% SW when transferred to distilled water after 15 day-period. Seedlings length and seedling fresh and dry weight were significantly (P < 0.001) decreased with increasing SW concentrations. Seedling water content remained constant in 10% SW in comparison with the control, while it decreased very slightly in 30% SW. These findings may serve as useful information for C. siliqua habitat establishment and afforestation-reforestation programs in coastal sites and for exploiting seawater in the area.
SPS Reforesta
2020-12-30 15:25:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/130
REFORESTA; No. 10 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Abdenour Kheloufi, Lahouaria Mounia Mansouri
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/131
2024-01-27T14:10:49Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"210106 2021 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.10.02.85
doi
dc
Exploring the potential of two-aged white spruce plantations for the production of sawlog volume with simulations using SORTIE-ND
St-Gelais, Vincent
Université de Moncton, campus d’Edmundston (École de foresterie), 165, boul Hébert, Edmundston (New Brunswick), E3V 2S8, CANADA
Béland, Martin
Université de Moncton, campus d’Edmundston (École de foresterie), 165, boul Hébert, Edmundston (New Brunswick), E3V 2S8, CANADA
Thiffault, Nelson
Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Natural Resources Canada, 1055, du P.E.P.S, P.O Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec (Québec), CANADA
The main objective for even-aged plantation (EAP) management of producing sawlog material has driven practices towards low initial planting densities and lower post thinning densities. For semi-shade tolerant species, the resulting stand density potentially leaves enough growing space for the introduction of a second cohort of trees in the understory, making it a two-aged plantation (TAP). TAPs could have many silvicultural benefits, especially in sensitive areas where intensive treatments associated with EAPs are incompatible with local management objectives. White spruce (Picea glauca) is a good candidate species for modeling TAPs because it is the most widely planted tree species in Canada and has proven tolerance to understory planting. SORTIE-ND, a single-tree spatially explicit growth model was used to explore the yield of variable density and rotation length scenarios when each white spruce cohort is introduced mid rotation, compared to traditional even-aged management. All TAP scenarios tested produced more sawlog volume and more merchantable volume than equivalent densities of EAPs. The lowest density tested, 400 stems ha-1 planted every 35 years, had the highest sawlog yields (3.23 m3 ha-1 yr-1). Considering smaller size products changes the optimum TAP scenario but maintains the advantage over EAPs.
SPS Reforesta
2020-12-30 15:25:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/131
REFORESTA; No. 10 (2020)
eng
North America
Copyright (c) 2020 Vincent St-Gelais, Martin Béland, Nelson Thiffault
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/132
2024-01-27T14:10:58Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"201230 2020 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.10.03.86
doi
dc
Effect of sowing pattern and density on the quality of one-year-old Austrian pine bareroot seedlings
Devetaković, Jovana R
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry http://www.sfb.bg.ac.rs/jovana-devetakovic/ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3840-6458
Krinulović, Lučian
Kerkez Janković, Ivona
Faculty of Forestry - University of Belgrade https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2070-158X
Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) seedlings are frequently used for afforestation/reforestation and restoration practice in Serbia. Indeed, the seedlings of various stock types are produced by almost all forest nurseries in Serbia and bareroot seedlings are mostly common. The aim of this study is to analyze the method of sowing and sowing density on some morphological characteristics and quality of one-year-old Austrian pine seedlings. Sowing in rows and random sowing across all seedbed space were performed. In both cases, the sowing density (R1 - 8 g m-1, R2 - 40 g m-2) and half of the recommended sowing density (S1 - 4 g m-1, S2 - 20 g m-2) were applied. Seedlings from both treatments had average height and root collar diameter values in the range of 4.91 to 5.73 cm, and 1.25 to 2.34 mm, respectively. Observed characteristics of seedlings (height - H, root collar diameter - RCD, root length - RL, dry weight of shoot - SDW, root - RDW and seedlings - SLDW, sturdiness coefficient - SQ and quality index - QI) were conditioned by treatment (One-Way ANOVA, p<0.05). Shoot to root ration was similar at seedlings of all treatments and ranged from 1.33 to 1.63. In both cases, decreased density produced better results. The combination of lower sowing density (20 g m-2) and sowing in all seedbed areas (S2) provided the best seedlings with QI - 0.21.
SPS Reforesta
2020-12-30 15:25:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/132
REFORESTA; No. 10 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Jovana R Devetaković, Lučian Krinulović, Ivona Kerkez Janković
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/133
2024-01-27T14:10:54Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"201230 2020 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.10.04.87
doi
dc
The growth of one-year-old narrow-leaved ash seedlings is strongly related to the leaf area parameters
Kerkez Jankovic, Ivona
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:44:"University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry";}
Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
Nonić, Marina
Devetaković, Jovana
The leaf area of plant leave scan be considered as an indicator of the plant growth conditions, and its variability is usually associated with adaptation and response to the changing environment. The aim of this study is to investigate the relation of the leaf area parameters on growth of the narrow-leaved ash 1+0 seedlings from the nursery trial and determining variability between the 18 half-sib lines. The seedlings were obtained from seeds collected from 18 maternal trees found in the area of the special nature reserve Upper Danube Region. Ten randomly selected 1+0 seedlings per half-sib line were selected for further study, and all leaves per seedling were collected, herbarized and scanned. The leaf area of each leaf (LACL) was measured using an open-source image processing program – ImageJ, and the total leaf area per seedling (TLA) was calculated. Also, the number of leaves per plant (NCL) as well as the number of leaflets within each imparipinnate compound leaf (NLCL) were counted. The results showed that differences between studied attributes were statistically significant among 18 selected half-sib lines (p < 0.05). The most variable parameter was the total leaf area per seedling (TLA; CV=68.98%), which is strongly correlated to the leaf area per each leaf (LACL; r=0.95) and the number of leaflets (NLCL; r=0.94). In this study, we confirmed that leaf parameters were highly correlated to the growth of one-year-old Fraxinus angustifolia seedlings.
SPS Reforesta
2020-12-30 15:25:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/133
REFORESTA; No. 10 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Ivona Kerkez Jankovic, Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić, Marina Nonić, Jovana Devetaković
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/135
2024-01-27T14:10:46Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"210630 2021 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.11.02.90
doi
dc
The Ecological and histological investigation of species complex Diaporthe eres on Fraxinus excelsior seed from Montenegro
Vemić, Aleksandar
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:65:"Faculty of Forestry – University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia";}
Investigation of different seed diseases of common ash has great significance due to occurrence of ash dieback across Europe caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus Baral, Queloz and Hosoya (T.Kowalski) and still not completely defined strategies about regeneration of this species. Species complex Diaporthe eres are familiar pathogens of common ash. During the monitoring of health condition of common ash in Montenegro Diaporthe eres was frequently isolated from common ash seeds. The aim of this research was to investigate temperature conditions that contribute to the growth of Diaporthe eres strains from Montenegro in infected seeds and histological characteristics of Diaporthe eres spread in seeds. Growth of Diaporthe eres pure cultures on tested temperatures showed the fastest growth on 25°C and the absence of growth on 35°C. Mechanical damage did not significantly contribute to occurrence of infection. Microscopic examination of heavy infected seeds showed that hyphae of D.eres were visible on outer parts of seed spreading inside the core. In this research we investigated some basic bio ecological characteristics of D. eres associated with decline of F. excelsior seed in Montenegro.
SPS Reforesta
2021-06-30 13:50:13
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/135
REFORESTA; No. 11 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Aleksandar Vemić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/136
2024-01-27T14:10:44Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"210630 2021 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.11.01.89
doi
dc
Budburst dynamics of Norway spruce seedlings (Picea abies Karst.) – selection for late spring frosts resistence
Cvjetković, Branislav
Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka
Mataruga, Milan
Daničić, Vanja
Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
Norway spruce is one of the most commonly used species for new forest planting in Europe. It is planted in a large number of habitats, often without following the previous results in the success of afforestation. In order to improve Norway spruce afforestation, open field tests were established in which developmental phenophases are monitored. The use of planting material of different provenances, which had not previously been tested for habitat conditions, was often the cause of the decline of newly planted forests. Early budburst of Norway spruce causes losses due to the freezing of terminal buds. Norway spruce testing for different habitat conditions in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) was conducted at two ecologically different localities: Srebrenica (eastern part of B&H) and Drinić (western part of B&H). During 3 years, the budburst on the seedlings originating from 6 populations (Han Pijesak 1, Han Pijesak 2, Foča, Olovo, Kneževo and Potoci) was monitored. The budburst dynamics was monitored in 2013, 2015 and 2016 and it was recorded for each seedling in two progeny tests. Seedlings from the Kneževo population budbursted the earliest. The seedlings would start budburst on different days of the year, depending partly on the temperature sums and their origin. The earliest budburst was recorded in 2013 (119th day of the year in Srebrenica and 121st day of the year in Drinić). During 2015 and 2016, the budburst started later (125th day in Srebrenica and 129th day in Drinić). Temperature cumulants indicate that a smaller sum of temperatures was required for the buburst in the Srebrenica test than in the Drinić test. However, the temperature sums did not clearly indicate the budburst pattern because they were different for each observed year, but the populations ranking was almost the same. This indicates the influence of some other variables on the budburst. The knowing of the data on the budburst dynamics are a prerequisite for a successful selection of starting populations from which planting material is produced and new forests are later planted. Population Kneževo had the earliest budburst but population Han Pijesak 2 had the latest budburst.
SPS Reforesta
2021-06-30 13:50:13
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/136
REFORESTA; No. 11 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Branislav Cvjetković, Milan Mataruga, Vanja Daničić, Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/138
2024-01-27T14:10:41Z
REFOR:ART
driver
nmb a2200000Iu 4500
"210630 2021 eng "
2466-4367
10.21750/REFOR.11.04.92
doi
dc
The effect of temperature on the Fusarium sambucinum growth from the one-year-old Fraxinus excelsior seedlings in Montenegro
Vemić, Aleksandar
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:65:"Faculty of Forestry – University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia";}
Radulović, Zlatan
Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
Species complex Fusarium sambucinum was frequently isolated from ash stands in Montenegro. Previous researches revealed that it is dangerous pathogen for one-year-old seedlings. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of temeperature on growth and morphological characteristics of morphotype isolated from one-year-old common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) seedlings in Montenegro. Growth of Fusarium sambucinum pure cultures on different temperatures was the fastest on 25°C while the absence of growth occurred on 32.5°C. Cultures on optimum temperature were white reddish, aerial and with a lot hyaline, curved multi septate conidia. This research covers basic ecological and morphological characteristics of Fusarium sambucinum strain responsible for high pathogenicity towards one-year-old common ash seedlings in Montenegro.
SPS Reforesta
2021-06-30 13:50:13
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/138
REFORESTA; No. 11 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Aleksandar Vemić, Zlatan Radulović
3bc3ad8d2587d4261e00a03a21de9ed8