2024-03-28T11:16:42Z
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/oai
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1
2024-01-27T14:16:40Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Reforestation challenges in Southeast Europe facing climate change
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Devetaković, Jovana
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry
Projections of the regional climate model for Southeast Europe generally predict an increasing of temperature and a decrease in precipitation, with some local variations. Higher frequency of extreme weather events and increased flooding can also be expected. This climate change will, among other things, result in changes in habitats and species distribution, and a decrease in biodiversity. In most cases, forest ecosystems will be unable to adapt fast enough to keep pace with changes in climate. Extreme weather events and low precipitation during the growing season will cause high mortality of seedlings after planting. New forests will face the whole range of these changes because of the long lifetime of trees. Reforestation programs must take projections of climate change into consideration. In the long term, new guidelines for site-species matching, provenance selection, and genetic diversity need to be adopted. In the short term, site preparation, planting techniques, and post planting protection need to be improved. In addition, seedling quality (morphological, physiological, and genetic) and planting time need to be specific for each site. New site preparation, planting, and post-planting protection methods are useful tools for short term success measured in seedling survival and initial growth. Seedling quality is essential for short and long term success. Different strategies, such as assisted migration and increased genetic diversity of planting material, can provide better chances for long term success measured in growth, fitness, and capability to produce the next, better adapted generation.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/1
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Vladan Ivetić, Jovana Devetaković
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3
2024-01-27T14:16:37Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Application of plants in remediation of contaminated sites
Stanković, Dragica M
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry
Devetaković, Jovana R
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry
The concern for environmental protection has existed since the time of first human civilization. As society develops, the chain of changes during the natural flow of processes in ecosystems has been supplemented by a new link - pollutants. They have an effect on all other members of the ecosystem (changes may be visible immediately or harder to spot), which leads to an extremely complex relationship with nature. The values of some parameters of pollutants reached an alarmingly high level. The tendency to reduce the risk of air, soil, water, plant, and animal pollution to a tolerable limit, which would salvage the environment and most importantly human health, became a global problem. Heavy metals as pollutants have been an interest of researchers for their conduct, especially in forest ecosystems, which has been expressed in the previous year's more than ever. With its numerous toxic effects, heavy metals are endangering the existence of plant species that live in already contaminated environments. This is all an argument regarding the fight of modern society that the emission of polluted materials gets reduced in order to avoid multiple negative effects, which can endanger the existence of living organisms in general, as an argument for the continuation of numerous researches that are conducted in this area. The monitoring of heavy metals is of significant importance because their toxicity and accumulations are vital for the ecosystem. Polluted soils can be reduced and they can restore their function using physical, chemical, and biological techniques. Physical and chemical methods are very expensive and cause mainly irreversible changes, thus destroying biological variety. The biological recovery of contaminated soil represents an efficient method of reducing health risks for both mankind and the ecosystem. For this purpose, biological indicators are used. Numerous researches have led to improvements of the initial idea about using plants as a remediation of the environment and the removal of different contaminants from contaminated medias into promising technologies of environmental protection under the title "Phytoremediation". This technology consists of the reduction of concentrations of polluted materials in polluted soils, water, or air. Plants have the ability to store, degrade, or eliminate metals, pesticides, solutions, explosives, and crude oils. Its derivatives and various other contaminants form mediums that contain them. This paper especially considers methods of the possibility of the usage and application of plants in restoring soil contaminated by heavy metals as well as other pollutants.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/3
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Dragica M Stanković, Jovana R Devetaković
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/4
2024-01-27T14:16:33Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Restoration of Spanish pine plantations: A main challenge for the 21st century
Villar-Salvador, Pedro
Most of the Iberian Peninsula has a Mediterranean climate, which strongly determines the objectives, strategies and techniques of forest restoration. This communication addresses a main forest restoration challenge for Mediterranean-climate woodlands in Spain: the transformation of old monospecific pine plantations to more diverse, resistant and resilient forest systems. I also present how afforestation methods and some ideas on plant quality have evolved in the last 80 years. Productivity of Mediterranean forests is low, which discourages private owners to invest in woodland management. Therefore, woodland management strongly relies on public funds. Large-scale afforestation in the 20th century has created huge areas of monospecific pine plantations, which have been under thinned and are very simple structurally with almost no understory. The stands are very prone to fires, diseases and drought dieback. However, old pine plantations can facilitate the establishment of late successional trees and shrubs when properly thinned. Therefore, pine plantations are an opportunity for restoring several types of oak-dominated forests at a large scale and resources should invested to preserve and gradually transform these plantations into mixed forests. Funds should be invested in thinning progressively rather than to plant new areas. In many plantations close to oak forests remnants, thinning is the only management required. However, many pine plantations are far from seed sources and enrichment plantations together with thinning are needed. Extensive enrichment plantations are expensive. Therefore, an option is to develop a network of small islets strategically placed inside pine plantations and properly managed as seed foci to foster pine plantation colonization. This option is cheaper than conventional extensive low-density enrichment plantations but research is needed to assess its effectiveness for pine plantation transformation.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/4
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Pedro Villar-Salvador
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/5
2024-01-27T14:16:30Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Drought and fire stress influence seedling competition in oak forests: fine-root dynamics as indicator of adaptation strategies to climate change
Montagnoli, Antonio
Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria
Terzaghi, Mattia
Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria
Baesso, Barbara
Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria
Santamaria, Rosaria
Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria
Scippa, Gabriella Stefania
Department of Sciences and Technologies for Environment and Territory (DISTAT), University of Molise
Chiatante, Donato
Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria
Increased summer drought and wildfires as a consequence of continuing climate change are expected to lead to disturbance of Mediterranean ecosystems. Seedlings recruitment is sensitive to both stresses and, therefore, any adaptation and restoration strategy devised to protect these forests should take into account a careful study on their effects on seedling development. As a substantial fraction of net primary productivity of forested ecosystems is channelled in the belowground compartments, the knowledge of how roots behave under stressful conditions becomes of primary importance to select the right management strategy to be implemented. This work tries to enlighten the events occurring in the fine root portion of the root system in young seedlings of three co-existing oak species (Quercus ilex, Quercus trojana and Quercus virgiliana) under controlled conditions. We have made a comparative analysis of the effect of these two stresses, alone or in combination, with the aim to evaluate the tolerance level of these seedlings and, therefore, to obtain an indication of their recruitment potential in the field. The parameters investigated were biomass and a number of morphological traits. Data obtained suggest that a decrease in diameter could be part of a tolerance strategy in all three oaks tested together with a reduction of root length. In addition, tolerance to water shortage could require a reduction of carbon allocated belowground, in particular in the very fine roots, which leads to an overall reduction of the root system dimension. Q. trojana seedlings seem to be the fastest in resuming growth after stress interruption but a good recovery was also found for the remaining two oak species. Although our study provides interesting information regarding a possible tolerance strategy taking place in the fine root compartment when seedlings of these three oak species undergo water stress and fire treatment, more information is needed before any suggestion can be made as to which species would be best suited to make these forests more resistant to global changes.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/5
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Antonio Montagnoli, Mattia Terzaghi, Barbara Baesso, Rosaria Santamaria, Gabriella Stefania Scippa, Donato Chiatante
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/6
2024-01-27T14:16:27Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Reforestation challenges in Scandinavia
Mattsson, Anders
Dalarna University
Department of energy, forests and built environments
In the keynote, major reforestation challenges in Scandinavia will be highlighted. The following countries make up Scandinavia: Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark. For Iceland, with only a forest cover of 2%, a major reforestation challenge is the deforestation and overgrazing in combination with land degradation and extensive soil erosion. The challenges include the conflicts with livestock farmers. For centuries the commons were used for sheep and horse grazing. However, more and more of farmer grazing land have been fenced up, allowing the regeneration of birch and plantations of other species to increase. With a forest cover of 37% and 69% respectively, for decades a major reforestation challenge in Norway and Sweden has been the risk of seedling damages from the pine weevil. Unprotected seedlings can have a survival rate of less than 25% after being planted. Pine weevils feed on the bark of planted young seedlings at regeneration sites. If the seedling is girdled, it will not survive. In Sweden, and soon in Norway, pesticides have been forbidden. In the keynote, new methods and technology will be presented based on non-chemical protection. In Finland, with a forest cover of 75%, a major reforestation challenge is linked to the forest structure. The structure of Finnish forestry includes many private forests in combination with small regeneration sites. This implies a situation where logistics and methods for lifting and field storage provide a major challenge in order to preserve seedling quality until the planting date. Due to this situation, new logistic systems and technologies are being developed in Finland, including new seedling cultivation programs (including cultivation under Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)) to match the access of fresh planting stock to different planting dates. In Denmark, with a forest cover of 13%, a major reforestation challenge is the possibility of future plantations based on a wide range of relevant species. For this to become a realistic option, new methods and technology have to be developed in reforestation activities that support this possibility. These methods and technology should make it possible to not be limited to certain species due to problems and restrictions during field establishment. This due to the prospect of establishing stable, healthy, and productive stands of various forest species that can be adapted to future climate change.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/6
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Anders Mattsson
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/7
2024-01-27T14:16:24Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Meeting Forest Restoration Challenges: Using the Target Plant Concept
Dumroese, Kasten R
US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources, Moscow, Idaho, USA
Landis, Thomas D
Retired National Nursery Specialist, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Currently Native Plant Nursery Consulting, Medford, Oregon, USA
Pinto, Jeremiah R
US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources, Moscow, Idaho, USA
Haase, Diane L
US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, State and Private Forestry and National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources, Portland, Oregon, USA
Wilkinson, Kim W
Gibsons, British Columbia, Canada
Davis, Anthony S
University of Idaho, Moscow, USA
Meeting forest restoration challenges relies on successful establishment of plant materials (e.g., seeds, cuttings, rooted cuttings, or seedlings, etc.; hereafter simply “seedlingsâ€). The Target Plant Concept (TPC) provides a flexible framework that nursery managers and their clients can use to improve the survival and growth of these seedlings. The key tenets of the TPC are that (1) more emphasis is placed on how seedlings perform on the outplanting site rather than on nursery performance, (2) a partnership exists between the nursery manager and the client to determine the target plant based on site characteristics, and (3) that information gleaned from post-planting monitoring is used to improve subsequent plant materials. Through the nursery manager–client partnership, answers to a matrix of interrelated questions define a target plant to meet the reforestation or forest restoration objectives. These questions focus on project objectives; site characteristics, limiting factors, and possible mitigation efforts; species and genetic criteria; stocktype; outplanting tools and techniques; and outplanting window. We provide examples from the southeastern United States, Hawai‛i, and Lebanon on how the TPC process has improved performance of seedlings deployed for reforestation and forest restoration.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/7
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Kasten R Dumroese, Thomas D Landis, Jeremiah R Pinto, Diane L Haase, Kim W Wilkinson, Anthony S Davis
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/8
2024-01-27T14:16:22Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Forest Nursery Practices in the Southern United States
South, David B.
School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, AL
Starkey, Tom E.
Southern Forest Nursery Management Cooperative, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
Enebak, Scott A.
School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, AL
Over the past five decades, researchers in the southern United States have been working with nursery managers to develop ways to reduce the cost of producing seedlings. In this regard, the Southern Forest Nursery Management Cooperative (at Auburn University in Alabama) has helped reduce hand-weeding costs and losses due to nematodes and disease. As a result, nursery managers are able to legally use a variety of registered herbicides and fungicides for use in pine and hardwood seedbeds. Other changes over the last three decades include a reduction in the number of nurseries growing seedlings, a reduction in the number of seedlings outplanted per ha, an increase in the number of container nurseries, an increase in the average production per nursery, an increase in production by the private sector, growing two or more crops after fumigation, the development of synthetic soil stabilizers, applying polyacrylamide gels to roots and the use of seedling bags and boxes for shipping seedlings.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/8
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 David B. South, Tom E. Starkey, Scott A. Enebak
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/9
2024-01-27T14:16:18Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
A synthesis of results on wastes as potting media substitutes for the production of native plant species
Tsakaldimi, Marianthi
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment
Department of Forestry and Natural Environment
P.O.Box 262, 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece
Ganatsas, Petros
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment
Department of Forestry and Natural Environment
P.O.Box 262, 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece
The three major functions of a potting medium for plant production is to provide support, to retain water and nutrients, and to allow oxygen diffusion to the roots. A potting medium should meet the requirements of practical plant production such as: to be available and ready at all times, easy to handle, lightweight and to produce uniform plant growth. Constituents such as natural soil, peat, sand, perlite and vermiculite are commonly used as substrates for container plant production. Nevertheless, these materials might be fully or partially replaced by various organic or inorganic wastes, thus achieving environmental and economic benefits. This study presents a synthesis of results extracted from many trials on waste materials as potting media substitutes for the seedlings production of the following native plant species: Pinus halepensis, Quercus ilex, Quercus macropleis and Ceratonia siliqua. The studied waste materials were either organic or inorganic components including: spoils of peridotite, raw rice hulls, coconut fiber and kenaf (the ground stem of the plant H. cannabinus L). The experimental potting media tested were: peat:perlite (3:1), a common medium used for seedling production, peat:spoils of peridotite (3:1), peat:rice hulls (3:1), peat:rice hulls (1:1), peat:coconut fiber (1:1), kenaf (100%) and kenaf:peat:rice hulls (3:1:1). The main physical (water retention characteristics, bulk density, particle density, total porosity) and chemical (N, K, Ca, Mg, soluble P, exchangeable cations, pH and loss on ignition) properties of each potting medium were measured. For each plant species the following seedling quality parameters were assessed: morphological characteristics (shoot height, root collar diameter), shoot and root biomass, Dickson’s quality index and shoot and root nutrient concentrations. Then seedlings were planted in the field and their survival and growth was monitored. The feasibility of replacing peat or perlite with various waste materials as well as their effect on seedling quality and field performance are discussed.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/9
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Marianthi Tsakaldimi, Petros Ganatsas
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/10
2024-01-27T14:16:15Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Review of the most important pathogens in Serbian forest nurseries
Keča, Nenad
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry
Successful reforestation depends on the quality and health of seedlings. Targeted production in forest nurseries should produce plants that will be able to survive unfavorable environmental and weather conditions in Serbia. Pathogens can reduce the vitality of seedlings and decrease survival after outplanting. The most common pathogens identified on seeds of both conifer and broadleaved seedlings are presented. The most frequently used fungicides for the control of pathogens in Serbian forest nurseries, as well as the best time of their application, are reviewed.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/10
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Nenad KeÄa
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/11
2024-01-27T14:15:43Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
The role of tree breeding in reforestation
Lindgren, Dag
This article focuses on the creation of seed sources for forest planting or seeding with a special focus on clonal seed orchards supporting planting Norway spruce and Scots pine in Sweden. Supporting long-term breeding and low input breeding is discussed. The focus is not on clonal forestry, although this is discussed. Natural regeneration is not dealt with and provenance choice only briefly. It is not a manual or literature review and focus on my own evaluations, but more detailed reviews can be found in the literature cited. It is intended to contribute some familiarity with many of the relevant genetic aspects on forest plantations.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/11
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Dag Lindgren
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/13
2024-01-27T14:15:40Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
The alleviation of reforestation challenges by beneficial soil microorganisms
Karličić, Vera
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture
Golubović Ćurguz, Vesna
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry
Raičević, Vera
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture
Surface mining causes major destruction of natural landscapes and ecosystems. The most fertile, surface soil layer is lost permanently, together with vegetation, wildlife, and micro flora. Post-mining areas are characterized with diverse edaphic, topographic, hydrographic conditions, which complicate land restoration. Successful establishment of forest ecosystems on such land depends mostly on selection of tree species. The chosen plants must be capable of tolerating a wide range of acidity, fertility, moisture, and have potential to ameliorate such substrates for more demanding species. But, reforestation of heavily damaged ecosystems, such as post-mining areas, demands a new approach in seedlings production. This new approach takes into account specific requirements of habitat and integrates them into “targeted production of planting materialâ€. A good strategy for successful reforestation of post-mining areas is the input of organic matter (compost, mulch). Also, current knowledge and experiences emphasize the potential of beneficial microorganisms such as, mycorrhizal fungi (MF) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The majority of studies that deal with beneficial interactions between trees and microorganisms are focused on the mycorrhiza, while plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are less present in silviculture. In this study, the focus is on the reforestation challenges of two mining basins, Majdanpek and Kolubara and suggests beneficial microorganisms as potential solution. The study presents results of several years’ researches on plant response to the presence of mycorrhizal fungi and PGPR. The substrates used for plant growth were Majdanpek and Kolubara mine deposals. Mycorrhizal seedlings were grown in Majdanpek mine deposal, and at the end of the experiment they had 30% higher biomass in comparison to control (seedlings without mycorrhiza). Seedlings linked with fungi had a higher survival rate. Deposals from Kolubara Mining Basin were used as a substrate for seedlings inoculated with PGPR. In the first experiment, Scots pine and Norway spruce were inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium, B. circulans, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. amyloliquefaciens. Inoculation resulted with higher biomass production (Scots pine 43%, Norway spruce 34%). Similar results were obtained in the second experiment where Scots pine and black locust were inoculated with Bacillus licheniformis, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas putida and Burkholderia cepacia. Both species had higher biomass (around 20%) in comparison to un-inoculated control. The results confirmed the fact that early establishment and successful growth of vegetation on devastated areas depends on the presence and activity of soil microbes. Microorganisms as a “nature’s solution†pose the potential to alleviate reforestation challenges of anthropogenic devastated landscapes. Their presence and activity is crucial for ecosystem stability. In areas with compromised balance, their introduction is justified action for achieving the goal of long term ecosystem sustainability.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/13
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Vera KarliÄić, Vesna Golubović Ćurguz, Vera RaiÄević
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/14
2024-01-27T14:15:38Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Afforestation on bare lands – example of Ibar Gorge, Serbia
Popović, Vladan
Institute of Forestry, Belgrade
Ćirković-Mitrović, Tatjana
Institute of Forestry, Belgrade
The afforestation of bare lands, sandstone, and skeletal terrains are one of the biggest challenges forestry scientists face. These terrains are characterized by specific ecological conditions that are generally unfavorable for the growth of woody species. These are usually shallow soils, unstable, and poor in nutrients and moisture. The characteristics of these habitats make said terrains unfavorable for the regeneration of forest vegetation. It is therefore crucial for the success of afforestation to gain detailed knowledge and understanding of environmental conditions. Only after the detailed research and study of field conditions can the selection of species for afforestation, including selection of species characteristics and technology of planting, begin. Mistakes made during previous establishments of green areas are one of the main reasons some species of vascular flora have disappeared. This alone expresses the undeniable importance of knowledge on habitat specifics, work schedule, and selection of species for afforestation. With the aim to implement the future afforestation within the planned scope, it is necessary to organize an effective nursery production of seedlings with characteristics that will suit the environmental conditions of bare lands, sandstones, and skeletal terrains whose afforestation is planned.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/14
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Vladan Popović, Tatjana Ćirković-Mitrović
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/15
2024-01-27T14:15:35Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Restoration Silviculture: An Ecophysiological Perspective - Lessons learned across 40 years
Grossnickle, Steven C
NurseryToForest Solutions
Involvement in forest restoration programs across North America for the past 40 years, dealing with nursery cultural practices, operational seedling quality programs and defining seedling performance on restoration sites has given me a unique perspective, which I have used to examine programs from both a research and operational perspective. Certain biological patterns and themes continually appeared across these programs and this paper discusses five of the most common themes.
Learning To Think Like a Tree – It is important for practitioners to develop an understanding of the ecophysiological performance of tree species in a nursery or forest restoration program in order to understand how seedlings grow. This understanding leads to sound biologically based cultural decisions to improve seedling performance.
Stress and the Cyclical Nature of Stress Resistance – Seedlings are exposed to stress when environmental conditions limit their performance. Plants develop physiological resistance attributes to mitigate stress and these attributes change throughout the seasonal cycle. Practitioners have developed hardening cultural practices that enhance seedling stress resistance, thereby improving seedling quality and site restoration success.
Seedling Quality: Product versus Process – Seedling quality is an important component of successful restoration. Typically seedling quality is examined from a product perspective, thus defining functional integrity, operational grading or sometimes performance potential. An alternative approach monitors the process, with product quality the final output.
Planting Stress and Seedling Establishment – Planting stress is prevalent in forest restoration. The act of planting can result in a seedling that does not have proper connections for water movement through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC). Seedling water stress, reduced growth performance and potentially death can occur if this SPAC connection is not restored.
Seedling Death: Sometimes Simple and Sometimes Complicated – Seedling death can occur in restoration programs as a result of environmental extremes or incorrect management practices. Some problems can be easy to diagnose and correct practices can be implemented to rectify the problem. Other times, issues are complicated and it can be a challenge to define the potential factors causing seedling death.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/15
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Steven C Grossnickle
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/16
2024-01-27T14:15:33Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"160605 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Issues and perspectives on the use of exotic species in the sustainable management of Canadian forests
Salmón Rivera, Brenda
Barrette, Martin
Thiffault, Nelson
Plantations offer a high potential to respond to the increasing pressure on forests to deliver social, economic, and environmental services. Exotic tree species have a long history of use in plantation forestry, mostly because of their improved productivity compared with that of native species. Because of their impacts on land management and the environment, questions arise regarding the compatibility of exotic tree plantations with sustainable forest management (SFM), the overarching paradigm driving forest legislations in Canada. Our objectives were thus to i) briefly review the historical and current use of exotic tree species in Canada, ii) identify the social, economic and environmental issues related to the use of exotic tree species in Canadian forestry, based on sustainable forest management criteria, and iii) identify perspectives related to the use of exotic tree species in the sustainable management of Canadian forests. Results show that six out of ten Canadian provinces do not have specific legislations to control the use of exotic tree species for reforestation within their borders. The use of exotic tree species is mainly controlled through third-party certification agencies. Exotic tree species represent a small proportion of the planted seedlings in Canada and Norway spruce is the most common one. The use of exotic tree species is compatible with sustainable forest management criteria used in Canada, but forest managers must take into account several issues related to their use and maintain a social license to be entitled to plant them. Issues are highly dependent upon scale. The zoning of management intensity could provide environmental, economic and social benefits, but costs/benefits analyses should be carried out. The concept of naturalness could also be useful to integrate plantations of exotic species in jurisdiction where SFM strategies are based on ecosystem management principles. Monitoring of hybridization and invasiveness of exotic species must be included in landscape analyses to forestall loss of resilience leading to compromised structural and functional ecosystem states. The use of exotics species is recognized as a tool to sequester carbon and facilitate adaptation of forests to global changes, but it is necessary to carefully identified contexts where assisted migration is justified and disentangle planned novel ecosystems coherent with global changes generated by assisted migration from those emerging from invasive species forming undesired states.
SPS Reforesta
2016-06-05 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/16
REFORESTA; No. 1 (2016): No1: Establishing Issue
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Brenda Salmón Rivera, Martin Barrette, Nelson Thiffault
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/23
2024-01-27T14:15:28Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"161226 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Seed Source Effect on Quality and Morphology of Turkish Red Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) Seedlings
Cercioglu, Mahmut
Golhisar Vocational School of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Golhisar, Burdur, Turkey
Bilir, Nebi
Forestry Faculty of Suleyman Demirel Univetsity
This study was carried out to compare quality and morphology in 1+0 year containerized seedlings of Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) originating from a seed stand and a seed orchard based on height and root-collar diameter. Averages of seedling height and root-collar diameter were 13.8 cm and 2.63 mm in orchard seedlings, while they were 14.8 cm and 4.56 mm in stand seedlings, respectively. There were significant differences (p≤0.05) between seed sources for the characters according to result of ANOVA. Stand seedlings were better quality than that of orchard seedlings according to quality classification of Turkish Standard Institute. Positive and significant (p≤0.05) relations were found between the characters in both seed sources based on results of correlation analysis. Results of the study were discussed for nursery practices, plantation forestry, and genetic-breeding of the species.
SPS Reforesta
2016-12-26 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/23
REFORESTA; No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Mahmut Cercioglu, Nebi Bilir
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/26
2024-01-27T14:15:26Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"161226 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
In situ conservation of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) gene pool in the protected area "Great War Island"
Maksimović, Zoran
Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
The conducted research that involved the assessment of the census size of the black poplar population on The Great War Island, its viability and health status, levels of genetic diversity and recent changes in population served as the basis for defining the measures of in situ conservation of the available gene pool. A network of in situ conservation habitats, labeled A, B and C, were formed. The area of conservation habitat A is 27.90 ha and includes 455 individual trees of black poplar. Conservation habitat B spreads over an area of 7.84 ha and includes 192 individual trees of black poplar. Conservation site C spreads over an area of 21.25 ha and includes 260 individual trees of black poplar. Potential new areas suitable for natural regeneration have been identified in the vicinity of the conservation habitats. Their total area amounts to 16.50 ha and they are surrounded by reproductively mature black poplar trees and thus, seeds can easily be transferred to these areas. The suggested measures of in situ conservation are aimed at the maintenance and conservation of existing black poplar population in the area of Great War Island.
SPS Reforesta
2016-12-26 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/26
REFORESTA; No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Zoran Maksimović, Mirjana Å ijaÄić-Nikolić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/27
2024-01-27T14:15:22Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"161226 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Floristic Composition of the Weeds and Efficacy of PRE Herbicides in a Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) Nursery
Pacanoski, Zvonko
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, boul. Edvard Kardelj bb, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Kolevska, Dana Dina
Faculty of Forestry, 16 Makedonska brigada Str., 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Nikolovska, Sonja
P.E. Makedonski Å¡umi, Pero Nakov Str. 128, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Field trials were conducted in 2010 and 2011 to evaluate floristic composition of weeds and the efficacy of pre herbicides in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) nurseries. The weed population in both years was consisted mainly of annual spring and summer weeds, and some perennial weeds. The weediness in both years was relatively high. Weed density in the untreated control plots was 106.5 plants per m2 in 2010 and 87.4 plants per m2 in 2011. The most dominant weeds were Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare and Amaranthus retroflexus in 2010 and Polygonum aviculare, Tribolus terestris and Cynodon dactilon in 2011. By taxonomic aspect, the weed flora was distributed in 11 families. 15 weed species were dicotyledons and 2 weed species were monocotyledons. Terophytes were the dominant life form weed category in black locust nurseries. Efficacy of herbicides 28 days after treatment (DAT) ranged from 91.0% (pendimethalin) to 95.3% (linuron) in 2010, and 74.5% (linuron) to 88.0% (pendimethalin) in 2011, respectively. Efficacy of herbicides 56 DAT ranged from 93.6% (pendimethalin) to 98.3% (linuron) in 2010, and from 74.8% (linuron) to 83.1% (pendimethalin) in 2011, respectively. Prevailing weed control by herbicides was not consistent over the years. However, efficacy of herbicides in control of prevailing weeds 28 and 56 DAT ranged from 88% to 100% in 2010 and 7% to 86% in 2011, respectively. Lower herbicide efficacy in 2011 was most likely due to high precipitation occurred immediately after herbicide application and domination of perennial weeds, particularly Cynodon dactilon.
SPS Reforesta
2016-12-26 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/27
REFORESTA; No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Zvonko Pacanoski, Dana Dina Kolevska, Sonja Nikolovska
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/30
2024-01-27T14:15:17Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"161226 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Initial height and diameter are equally related to survival and growth of hardwood seedlings in first year after field planting
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Devetaković, Jovana
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry
Maksimović, Zoran
PE Srbijasume
This study compares the relation of initial height and root collar diameter of bareroot hardwoods seedlings to survival and growth in first year after planting. A total of six species used in Serbian reforestation programs were tested (four native: Fagus sylvatica, Ulmus laevis, Fraxinus excelsior, and Acer pseudoplatanus and two exotic: Robinia pseudoacacia, and Quercus rubra), at 6 sites with a wide range of environmental conditions. Initial seedling height and diameter were equally related to field performance and better in forecasting growth than survival. The relation between seedlings initial morphological attributes and survival was species specific, while for all tested species growth was positively correlated to seedling size at planting. Although large seedlings kept their advantage in size, smaller seedlings grew at a higher rate. Both initial H and D should be considered as equally important in operational programs for hardwoods seedling quality testing.
SPS Reforesta
2016-12-26 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/30
REFORESTA; No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Vladan Ivetić, Jovana Devetaković, Zoran Maksimović
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/32
2024-01-27T14:15:14Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"161226 2016 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Height growth characteristics of one-year-old northern red oak seedlings (Quercus rubra L.) in full light conditions
Šušić, Nikola Miroljub
Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade
Bobinac, Martin
Kerkez, Ivona
Bauer Živković, Andrijana
Vojinović, Nikola
In this nursery experiment, 100 one-year-old northern red oak seedlings were measured at the end of the 2016 growing season. Measured growth elements were: total height, root collar diameter and total leaf area. All seedlings were classified according to the presence of polycyclism into four types: one-flush growth, two-flush growth, three-flush growth, and four-flush growth type. The number of new flushes (shoots) is a good indicator of total height, root collar diameter and total leaf area.
SPS Reforesta
2016-12-26 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/32
REFORESTA; No. 2 (2016)
eng
Copyright (c) 2016 Nikola Miroljub Šušić, Martin Bobinac, Ivona Kerkez, Andrijana Bauer Živković, Nikola Vojinović
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/44
2024-01-27T14:14:59Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Application and use of sulphuric acid pretreatment to improve seed germination of three acacia species
Kheloufi, Abdenour
Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna 2, 05000 Batna, Algeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-349X
Mounia Mansouri, Lahouaria
Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna 2, 05000 Batna, Algeria
Zineb Boukhatem, Faiza
Department of Biotechnology, University of Oran 1, 31000 Oran, Algeria
The experiments were led to study the effect of pretreatments and their duration on germination behavior of three Acacia species A. cyanophylla Lindl., A. farnesiana L. and A. decurrens Willd. by analyzing three parameters (GP: germination percentage; MGT: germination mean time (days) and GRI: germination rate index) for various times of incubation (5, 10 and 15 days) in Petri dishes. Pre-sowing treatment included immersion in concentrated sulphuric acid for 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The sowing in distilled water (Control) had no positive effect on the germination induction. Generally, the seed pretreatments were very useful to improve germination. Time of immersion significantly (P < 0.0001) affected GP, MGT and GRI in all species. Increasing the duration of sulphuric acid immersion (from 60 to 120 min) improved the germination percentages for A. cyanophylla and A. farnesiana seeds to (98% and 99%), respectively. However, increasing this duration had a negative effect on A. decurrens seed germination, reducing the final germination percentage from 97% at 60 minutes of immersion to 43% at 120 minutes.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/44
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Abdenour Kheloufi, Lahouaria Mounia Mansouri, Faiza Zineb Boukhatem
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/45
2024-01-27T14:14:56Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Nutritional diagnoses of oriental beech trees in damaged Caspian forest sites, using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS)
Alimohamadi, Afrooz
Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
Hamid Jalilvand, Hamid
Department of Natural Resources, Mazandaran University, Sari, Iran
Akbarinia, Moslem
Department of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modaress University, Noor, Iran
Banje Shafiei, Abas
Department of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Iran
Afzali, Khadijeh
Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Iran
Oriental beech established in the Hyrcanian forests, is a valuable tree whose habitats are constantly exposed to destructive factors which change the nutritional status of soil and leaves. Analysis of foliar elements is a commonly used method for studying tree nutrient status that indicates site's quality. Foliar analysis of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) was carried out in Kojour (Mazandaran) in order to assess the nutritional balance of trees in a damaged forest site (a direct result of livestock grazing and anthropogenic perturbations). Sunny leaves of dominant trees were taken in August and foliar concentration of macroelements, N, P, Ca, K and Mg were measured. The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) analysis was applied for evaluating the nutritional state. The results showed deficiency with K and P in disturbed stands. Nutrient Balance Index (NBI) indicated imbalance in nutrient status. These results suggest the usefulness of DRIS for foliar tissue analysis as an indicator of nutritional status and elemental stress in natural forests.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/45
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Alimohamadi Afrooz, Jalilvand Hamid, Shafiei Banje Abas, Afzali Khadijeh
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/51
2024-01-27T14:14:47Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Should forest regeneration studies have more replications?
South, David B.
School of Forestry and Wildlife Science, Auburn University, AL 36849-5418
VanderSchaaf, Curtis L.
School of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272
When it comes to testing for differences in seedling survival, researchers sometimes make a Type II statistical error (i.e. failure to reject a false null hypothesis) due to the inherent variability associated with survival in tree planting studies. For example, in one trial (with five replications) first-year survival of seedlings planted in October (42%) was not significantly different (alpha = 0.05) from those planted in December (69%). Did planting in a dry October truly have no effect on survival? Authors who make a Type II error might not be aware that as seedling survival decreases (down to an overall average of 50% survival), statistical power declines. As a result, the ability to declare an 8% difference as “significant†is very difficult when survival averages 90% or less. We estimate that about half of regeneration trials (average survival of pines <90%) cannot declare a 12% difference as statistically significant (alpha = 0.05). When researchers realize their tree planting trials have low statistical power, they should consider using more replications. Other ways to increase power include: (1) use a one-tailed test (2) use a potentially more powerful contrast test (instead of an overall treatment F-test) and (3) conduct survival trials under a roof.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/51
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 David B. South, Curtis L. VanderSchaaf
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/53
2024-01-27T14:14:42Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Using double-sampling techniques to reduce the number of measurement trees during forest inventories
VanderSchaaf, Curtis L.
School of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272
Holley, Gordon
Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272
Adams, Joshua
Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272
Variable-radius sampling techniques are commonly used during forest inventories. For each sample tree at a particular sampling point, diameter and height(s) are measured and then weight is estimated using established equations. Heights can require a fair amount of time to measure in the field. Separating the weight per acre estimate into two components; average basal area per acre and WBAR (individual tree weight-basal area ratio) across all points, can often lead to more efficient sampling schemes. Variable-radius sampling allows for a quick estimate of basal area per acre at a point since no individual tree measurements are needed. If there is a strong relationship between weight and basal area, then by knowing basal area you essentially know weight. Separation into two components is advantageous because in most cases there is more variability among basal area estimates per point then there is in WBAR. Hence, you can spend more resources establishing many points that only estimate basal area – often called “Count†points. “Full†points are those where individual tree measurements are also conducted. There is little published information quantifying the impacts on basal area, weight, etc., estimates among different “Full/Count†sample size ratios at the same site. Inventories were examined to determine this method’s applicability to loblolly pine plantations in southern Arkansas and northern Louisiana. Results show there is more variability among basal area estimates than WBAR and that the amount of trees being “intensively†measured is excessive. Based on these four plantations, a “Full†point could be installed ranging from every other point to every fifth point depending on site conditions and the desired variable.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/53
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Curtis L VanderSchaaf, Gordon Holley, Joshua Adams
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/63
2024-01-27T14:13:38Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"170701 2017 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Comparison of seedling quality between autochthonous and poplar clones
Servo, Goran
PE “VojvodinaÅ¡umeâ€, Preradovićeva 2, 21131 Petrovaradin, Serbia
Devetaković, Jovana
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Autochthonous poplar species were neglected during the intense establishment of plantations using various selected clones. This paper presents the results of seedlings quality comparison of two autochthonous poplars and three clones of poplar (129/81, I-214 and PE 19/66) in order to determine capabilities for mass production of autochthonous poplar seedlings. The seedlings of clone 129/81 have the largest diameter and height, and the seedlings of black poplar shows the smallest values. Seedlings of gray poplar have similar values as seedlings of clone PE 19/66, except diameter on 1 m above the ground. Clone I–214 shows least values relative to seedlings of other two clones. The results obtained in this study indicate the possibility of mass production of autochthonous poplar seedlings. Considering that the seedlings are used primarily for the purposes of conservation, the existing manufacturing technology, as well as the applicable standards of quality seedlings, which are used for highly productive clones of poplar, should be adapted to the production of a large number of genotypes.
SPS Reforesta
2017-07-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/63
REFORESTA; No. 3 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Goran Servo, Jovana Devetaković, Vladan Ivetić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/66
2024-01-27T14:13:24Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"171230 2017 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Production of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. for reforestation in southern Benin
Aoudji, Augustin K. N.
School of Economics, Socio-Anthropology and Communication for the rural development, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 03 BP 2819 Cotonou, Benin
Séhouéto, Caroline
School of Economics, Socio-Anthropology and Communication for the rural development, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 03 BP 2819 Cotonou, Benin
Adégbidi, Anselme
School of Economics, Socio-Anthropology and Communication for the rural development, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 03 BP 2819 Cotonou, Benin
Kaki, Rodrigue S.
School of Economics, Socio-Anthropology and Communication for the rural development, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 03 BP 2819 Cotonou, Benin
Ganglo, Jean C.
School of Environmental Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 03 BP 2819 Cotonou, Benin
The viability of Acacia auriculiformis production system in southern Benin was studied from an analytical perspective combining the production techniques and the financial profitability. The driving research question was as follows: "Will the nurseries be able to supply the seedlings suited to successful reforestation programmes?" A survey was carried out among nursery holders in the Atlantique Department. The snowball sampling method enabled to survey 55 nursery holders, based on semi-structured interviews. Respondents provided data on the organisation of production, production techniques, production costs, and sales revenues. There were two types of nurseries: individual nurseries and collective nurseries. The stages of acacia seedlings production were as follows: seed collection, dormancy breaking, sowing, and cares for young seedlings. Overall, the production techniques used by nursery holders were effective. The net revenue for 1000 seedlings ranged between XOF 9000 and 26000. Collective nurseries had lower production costs, hence higher revenues, compared to individual nurseries. It is essential to support nursery holders through capacity strengthening training and the availability of good quality seeds.
SPS Reforesta
2017-12-30 10:21:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/66
REFORESTA; No. 4 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Augustin K. N. Aoudji, Caroline Séhouéto, Anselme Adégbidi, Rodrigue S. Kaki, Jean C. Ganglo
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/69
2022-02-15T08:45:02Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"220215 2022 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Sulfur and lime affect soil pH and nutrients in a sandy Pinus taeda nursery
Nadel, Ryan L
School of Forestry and Wildlife Science, Auburn University, AL 36849-5418
South, David B
School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, AL 36849-5418
Enebak, Scott A
School of Forestry and Wildlife Science, Auburn University, AL 36849-5418
Bickerstaff, Gene
R.O. Barham SuperTree Nursery, P.O. Box 947, Bullard, TX, 75757
Two pH experiments were conducted at a sandy, bareroot loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) nursery in Texas. A sulfur trial (0, 813, 1626, 2439 kg ha-1 of elemental sulfur) was installed to determine if lowering soil pH would result in nutrient toxicity symptoms and affect seedling morphology. Although soil acidity in the sulfur study ranged from pH 3.9 to pH 5.0, none of the treatments resulted in micronutrient toxicity and none affected height growth, root-collar diameter, root mass, shoot mass or the root-mass ratio (root dry mass/total dry mass). Acidifying soil with sulfur increased leaching of calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese and zinc but there was no effect on seedling morphology. The objective of the liming trial (0, 813, 1626, 3252 kg ha-1 of dolomitic lime) was to determine if increasing alkalinity would result in an iron deficiency and reduce seedling growth. As expected, applying lime increased the calcium and magnesium levels but had no effect on soil levels of iron, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, zinc and sodium. However, the root-mass ratio was reduced by applications of dolomitic lime (pH ranged from 5.3 to 6.0). Differences in soil properties (i.e. plot location) had a greater effect on seedling morphology than lime applications. Foliage levels of manganese and boron were reduced by the highest rate of lime and sulfur, respectively.
SPS Reforesta
2017-12-30 10:21:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/69
REFORESTA; No. 4 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 David B. South, Ryan L Nadel, Scott A Enebak, Gene Bickerstaff
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/73
2017-12-30T09:21:59Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"171230 2017 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Stocktype effect on field performance of Austrian pine seedlings
Devetaković, Jovana R
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Makimović, Zoran
PE Srbijašume, Mihajla Pupina Blvd. 113, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
Ivanović, Boris
PE Srbijašume, Mihajla Pupina Blvd. 113, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
Baković, Zvonimir
PE Srbijašume, Mihajla Pupina Blvd. 113, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) seedlings are one of the most produced planting material in Serbian nurseries. In this study we compared a field performance of two container stocktypes, one usually used (2+0 produced in Plantagrah I) and one recently introduced (1+0 produced in Hiko V120 SS). The trial was established at planting site Vlaško polje (East Serbia), at altitude of 840 m a.s.l., one year following the total destruction of previous pine plantation by ice. One-year-old Austrian pine seedlings produced in Hiko containers show similar initial height and root collar diameter at planting time as two-year-old seedlings produced in traditionally used Plantagrah I containers. There was no vegetation control at field trial during the first growing season. At the end of the first growing season, taller (15.6 cm) and more slender (H/D=4.5) 1+0 seedlings from Hiko containers survived at higher rate, and shorter (10.9 cm) and more stocky seedlings 2+0 produced in Plantagrah I grow in height at higher rate. Seedlings taller at the planting time kept their advantage in size after the first growing season at the field. We found that both stocktypes can be used in operational planting programs on sites with lack of vegetation control.
SPS Reforesta
2017-12-30 10:21:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/73
REFORESTA; No. 4 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Jovana R Devetaković, Zoran Makimović, Boris Ivanović, Zvonimir Baković, Vladan Ivetić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/75
2017-12-30T09:21:59Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"171230 2017 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Seedling Quality in Serbia – Results from a Three-Year Survey
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Maksimović, Zoran
PE Srbijašume, Mihajla Pupina Blvd. 113, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
Kerkez, Ivona
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Devetaković, Jovana R
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
During a three-year survey in 14 forest nurseries in Serbia we measured seedlings of 19 species and 96 stocktypes of both conifers and broadleaves. Seedlings were measured in the nurseries for height and diameter, and subsamples was taken for measurements of shoot and root dry weight, and presence of mycorrhiza. Results of mean values and variation of measured morphological attributes are presented and compared to Serbian standard for seedlings quality. We found mycorrhiza on seedlings root from almost every nursery, seedbed and tray. Our results show that current nursery cultural practice need to be improved and that seedlings quality standards should be updated.
SPS Reforesta
2017-12-30 10:21:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/75
REFORESTA; No. 4 (2017)
eng
Copyright (c) 2017 Vladan Ivetić, Zoran Maksimović, Ivona Kerkez, Jovana R Devetaković
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/78
2018-07-10T13:03:40Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"180710 2018 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Breaking seed coat dormancy of six tree species
Kheloufi, Abdenour
University of Batna2, Algeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-349X
Mansouri, Lahouaria
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna 2, 05000 Batna, Algeria
Aziz, Nada
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna 2, 05000 Batna, Algeria
Sahnoune, Meriem
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna 2, 05000 Batna, Algeria
Boukemiche, Sarra
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna 2, 05000 Batna, Algeria
Ababsa, Boutheina
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna 2, 05000 Batna, Algeria
Breaking physical dormancy in some forest seeds is a challenge for scientists and forest managers to obtain an homogeneous germination for larger seed samples. The role played by the seed coat in seed dormancy of six trees with great interest in agroforestry (Robinia pseudoacacia, Leucaena leucocephala, Erythrostemon gilliesii, Styphnolobium japonicum, Acacia dealbata and Brachychiton populneus) was tested by the effects of the pretreatment and its duration on the performance of seed germination, by considering the final germination percentage (FGP) and the mean germination time (MGT). These parameters are estimated at various times of incubation (5, 10 and 15 days) in Petri dishes and stored in darkness at (25 ± 2°C). The pretreatment consists of an immersion of seeds in concentrated sulphuric acid during 30, 60 and 90 minutes.
Sowing without pretreatment (control) revealed no germination induction for B. populneus and A. dealbata, except for R. pseudoacacia, L. leucocephala and S. japonica where the germination does not exceed 12% for all the experience duration. Generally, pretreatments were very useful to improve seed germination. The time of immersion into sulphuric acid significantly affected (P < 0.0001) the FGP and the MGT in all studied species. A duration of 30 minutes of soaking was adequate to give a very high rate of germination for L. leucocephala, E. gilliesii, S. japonica and A. dealbata with respective FGP of 100%, 95%, 100% and 100%. However, an extended duration of pretreatment of 60 minutes was necessary for a maximal germination for R. pseudoacacia and B. populneus with FGP of 85% and 100%, respectively. A prolonged duration of 90 minutes of presowing was very fatal for L. leucocephala, A. dealbata and B. populneus. An excellent germinative strength is characterized by a higher FGP and a reduced MGT.
SPS Reforesta
2018-07-10 15:03:40
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/78
REFORESTA; No. 5 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Abdenour Kheloufi, Lahouaria Mansouri, Nada Aziz, Meriem Sahnoune, Sarra Boukemiche, Boutheina Ababsa
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/82
2019-06-28T12:27:42Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"190627 2019 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Douglas-fir seedling quality in biochar-amended peat substrates
Sarauer, Jessica L.
State University of New York at Morrisville, Morrisville, USA
Coleman, Mark D.
Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, USA
Artificial forest regeneration using nursery produced growing stock is commonplace in the Pacific Northwest. High quality seedlings are needed for outplanting success, which depends on a seedling’s ability to establish new roots and overcome stress. Containerized seedling stock is typically grown in artificial growing media. Peat, a popular component of growing media, is a non-renewable resource. Biochar has similar physical attributes to peat, which makes it a potential alternative. In our study, we grew Douglas-fir seedlings in containers with biochar-amended peat-based growing media to determine if biochar could improve seedling quality. Douglas-fir seeds were sown in March 2016 and seedlings were grown under standard light and temperature conditions at an operational forest nursery for nine months. After nine months, seedling quality was assessed for height, diameter, cold hardiness, and root growth potential. Using biochar did not improve Douglas-fir seedling quality, except for slightly increasing cold hardiness and root growth potential for equivalently sized seedlings. Seedlings grown without biochar had increased height and diameter compared to seedlings with biochar and they had higher root growth potential (all dependent on fertilizer rates). Douglas-fir seedling quality might be improved with biochar amendment if negative growth impacts of soil reaction can be overcome.
SPS Reforesta
2019-06-28 14:27:42
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/82
REFORESTA; No. 7 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Jessica L. Sarauer, Mark D. Coleman
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/83
2018-12-28T13:24:41Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"181228 2018 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Alley cropping with strawberries: Two case-studies in Romania
Nicolescu, Valeriu Norocel
University ”Transylvania” of Brașov
Hernea, Cornelia
Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania
Sandi, Vilhelm
Sugaș Forest District
The paper focuses on the use of alley cropping, an arable agroforestry system comprising rows of trees planted with a companion crop grown in the alleyways between the rows, in two sub-compartments (81B%: 0.75 ha, elevation 715 m asl; 81E: 3.4 ha, elevation 735 m asl) artificially regenerated at 1.80 m x 1.60 m spacing in the south-east of Transylvania (Romania) in 1997 (81B%) and 2003 (81E). The climate (Dfbx, specific to low and middle mountains) and soil (luvisol, of moderate fertility for pure or mixed Quercus petraea stands) are only moderately favourable to strawberry culture. The rows of tree species consists of Quercus rubra, Acer pseudoplatanus, Prunus avium (81B%), and Quercus petraea, Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, and Larix decidua (81E). Strawberries (variety Elsanta,) were planted at 60 x 60 cm spacing in two pure rows in-between the tree rows as well as within the rows of planted trees. Both plantations were fenced, with manual topsoil hoeing up to four times a year, lighly fertilized (N, P, K complex) and chemically protected against browsing and pests.
Strawberry rotation (six years, of which five years - two to six - with fruit production) was longer than the one (maximum three years) recommended in pure crops. Strawberry production reached the maximum level in years 3 or 4.
Under the local conditions, the alley cropping with strawberries had demonstrated to be a viable alternative to the 'classical' monocropping system in terms of (a) survival rate of plants (over 95 per cent), (b) initial height growth of plants (very quick, resulting from reduced competition with grasses and naturally regenerated forest trees such as pioneer species), (c) establishment of a new forest culture, the full forest cover being achieved immediately after the end of strawberry production, as well as (d) economics (early and relevant revenue from the crop).
SPS Reforesta
2018-12-28 14:24:41
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/83
REFORESTA; No. 6 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Valeriu Norocel NICOLESCU, Cornelia HERNEA, Vilhelm SANDI
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/85
2018-07-10T13:03:40Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"180710 2018 eng "
2466-4367
dc
European white elm biomass production (Ulmus laevis Pall.) in high-density plantation
Devetaković, Jovana R
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry
Todorović, Nebojša
PE Kolubara
Vilotić, Dragica
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
This paper provides first report for European white elm potential for biomass production. High density plantation (71,428 seedlings ha-1) was established on spring 2012th near Belgrade from one-year-old seedlings, produced from seed. Weed control and irrigation was practiced only in the first growing season, without fertilization. In a three year rotation, European white elm plants in a high density plantation reach average height of 341.11 cm and average root collar diameter of 31.9 mm, with height increase of about 1 m, diameter increase of about 1 cm per year. At the end of three-years rotation total produced biomass was 90 odt ha-1, or 30 odt ha-1 year-1. Biomass production of European white elm is in range or higher compared to traditionally used species, indicating the need for further research on planting material, plant density and cultural practices.
SPS Reforesta
2018-07-10 15:03:40
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/85
REFORESTA; No. 5 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Jovana R Devetaković, Nebojša Todorović, Dragica Vilotić, Vladan Ivetić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/87
2018-07-10T13:03:40Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"180710 2018 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Variability of beech cupules in Serbia
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Kerkez, Ivona
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2070-158X
Denić, Ivan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Devetaković, Jovana
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Beech is the most important tree species in forests of Serbia. However, despite its significance, the taxonomic status of beech in Serbia is unclear. Morphology of the cupules can be successfully used to distinguish species and within species taxa. In this paper we report results on cupules morphology, measuring the same attributes reported by Mišić (1955): 1) Length of the longest valve of cupule, 2) Width of that valve (at widest point), 3) Distance between base of the longest valve and peduncle, 4) Length of cupule without peduncle, and 5) Length of peduncle. The length of cupule and peduncle length from 12 populations in Serbia are in the range reported for Fagus sylvaticain Serbia and western Eurasia. Results of cluster analysis shows a grouping of populations in two groups:1) the southeast group, and 2) group consist of populations from northwest, east and southeast of Serbia. Populations from this southeast group also consist the group of populations on altitude over 850 m, indicating presence of ecotypes. The exception is population from Stara Planina (1,520 m a.s.l.) which is grouped with populations from altitudes under 850 m.
Keywords: European Beech; cupules; variability
SPS Reforesta
2018-07-10 15:03:40
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application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/87
REFORESTA; No. 5 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Vladan Ivetić, Ivona Kerkez, Ivan Denić, Jovana Devetaković
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/88
2018-07-10T13:10:26Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"180710 2018 eng "
2466-4367
dc
The effect of half-sib lines on morphological attributes of one-year old Fraxinus angustifolia seedlings
Kerkez, Ivona
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2070-158X
Nonić, Marina
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Devetaković, Jovana
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
Aiming to produce forest reproductive material at the family level, we tested quality of twenty Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl half-sib lines in the nursery experiment. We measured height (HT) and root collar diameter (DIA) of one-year old seedlings, and we monitored germination rate and mortality during the first growing season. Seeds of 20 half-sib lines originating from Sombor area (north Serbia) were sown in seedbed on autumn 2016. The seed dormancy was not broken in all seeds equally, resulting with un-uniform germination over a two months period. All measured attributes shows a statistically significant differences, indicating a strong effect of genetic control. The highest average and DIA were measured in half-sib line 7 (22.62 cm; 5.79 mm, respectively). The lowest average DIA was measured in half-sib lines 18 (2.85 mm) and 19 (2.94 mm), which can be result of growing density effect (104 seedlings m-2 for line 18 and 126 seedlings m-2 for line 19, compared to 40 seedlings m-2 for line 7). The correlation between DIA and HT is strong and positive (R=0.90). Due to its morphological superiority, half-sib line 7 could be recommended for mass production of Fraxinus angustifolia seedlings at the family level.
Keywords: Height; Root Collar Diameter; Seedlings Quality; Narrow leaved ash
SPS Reforesta
2018-07-10 15:03:40
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/88
REFORESTA; No. 5 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Kerkez Ivona, Nonić Marina, Devetaković Jovana, Šijačić-Nikolić Mirjana, Ivetić Vladan
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/91
2018-12-28T13:24:41Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"181228 2018 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Pine sawdust biochar as a potential amendment for establishing trees in Appalachian mine spoils
Fields-Johnson, Christopher Warren
The Davey Tree Expert Company
Fike, John H
Virginia Tech
Galbraith, John M
Virginia Tech
Maguire, Rory O
Virginia Tech
Day, Susan D
Virginia Tech
Zedaker, Shepard M
Virginia Tech
Mathis, Joseph Eric
Institute for Regenerative Design and Innovation
Early growth and survival of tree seedlings is often poor on reclaimed coal surface mines in Appalachia. Biochar produced in bioenergy generation has potential for use as an amendment to improve seedling performance. Mine soil was collected from a recently reclaimed coal surface mine in Wise County, Virginia and mixed with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) sawdust biochar, simulating application rates of 2.3, 11.2 and 22.5 Mg ha-1. Unplanted leaching columns and 4 L tree planting pots were filled with these biochar-soil mixtures, plus controls of pure mine soil and pure biochar. For the tree planting pots, additional pots were created where the biochar was applied as a topdressing at the same application rates as in the mixtures. One-year-old seedlings of both American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were planted. Unplanted leaching columns were leached with collected rainwater for six months to simulate weathering. Trees were grown for one growing season. Black locust had higher average above-ground dry woody biomass (24.4 g) than American sycamore (17.0 g), and also higher below-ground biomass (61.0 g compared to 30.2 g). The pure biochar produced greater average below-ground biomass (99.9 g) than the pure mine soil (46.9 g). All of the biochar treatments produced greater average above-ground woody biomass (19.1 g – 33.4 g) than the pure mine soil (10.9 g). After weathering, biochar provided less available soil phosphorus, calcium and iron than the mine soil itself while increasing soil carbon and organic matter. High (22.5 Mg ha-1) biochar applications increased soil volumetric water holding capacity to 18.6% compared to 13.4% for pure mine soil. Naturally-occurring herbaceous biomass in the pots was negatively correlated with above-ground woody biomass at r = -0.483. Topdressing and full incorporation of biochar were not significantly different in their effects on biomass. Results suggest that pine biochar either broadcast at 2.3 - 22.5 Mg ha‑1, or mixed in planting holes with backfill soil, will promote faster above-ground growth and larger root systems in seedlings in mine soils. Further studies should test these methods in the field over multiple years and further refine recommendations of the rate of biochar to use and how best to apply it. New systems are being developed in Appalachia to produce biofuels and biochar from local biomass and to recycle biochar into the land base to enhance future biomass productivity. Applying 4 L of biochar mixed with the backfill of newly-planted trees is the top recommended practice for tree performance.
SPS Reforesta
2018-12-28 14:24:41
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/91
REFORESTA; No. 6 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Christopher Warren Fields-Johnson, John H Fike, John M Galbraith, Rory O Maguire, Susan D Day, Shepard M Zedaker, Joseph Eric Mathis
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/92
2024-01-27T14:11:05Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"200827 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Forest restoration on the former industrial land of Sulphur quarry in the Ukrainian Roztochya
Kopiy, Maria
The Ukrainian National Forestry University, 103 Gen. Chuprynka St., 79057 Lviv, Ukraine
Nijnik, Albert
Environmental Network Ltd, Aboyne, Scotland
Kopiy, Serhiy
The Ukrainian National Forestry University, 103 Gen. Chuprynka St., 79057 Lviv, Ukraine
Kopiy, Leonid
The Ukrainian National Forestry University, 103 Gen. Chuprynka St., 79057 Lviv, Ukraine
Nijnik, Maria
Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0280-9543
Presner, Ruslana
The Ukrainian National Forestry University, 103 Gen. Chuprynka St., 79057 Lviv, Ukraine
Fizyk, Igor
The Ukrainian National Forestry University, 103 Gen. Chuprynka St., 79057 Lviv, Ukraine
Agij, Vasyl
The Ukrainian National Forestry University, 103 Gen. Chuprynka St., 79057 Lviv, Ukraine
Zholobchuk, Ivanna
Ukrainian National Academy of Public Administration, the Lviv Regional Institute of State, Administration, 16 Sukhomlynskoho St., Bryukhovychi, Lviv, 79491, Ukraine
This paper adds to the evidence base in the discussion to what extent woodland development can be a means to restoring the land affected by mining. We investigate the formation of vegetation communities in sites on a former Sulphur quarry in the Roztochya district of the Lviv region in Ukraine to answer the research questions: How can the formation of vegetation cover affect the disturbed sites and what knowledge can be used in restoration practices elsewhere? We perform an experiment examining which types of vegetation are suitable for the restoration. We explore the influence of restored vegetation and re-emerged woodlands have on the process of soil rehabilitation and the increasing organic substance in it. We examine the impact of various combinations of vegetation on land rehabilitation. Explaining the degree of colonization of waste land by various types of vegetation helps us to reveal the trends of regenerative processes and identify the most promising for restoration tree species in affiliation with the ground vegetation. The results can assist decision-makers in choosing compatibility alliances of vegetation to sustain regeneration processes. Although this research is location specific, the knowledge developed can to a degree be applied to similar places, in the temperate zone.
SPS Reforesta
2018-12-28 14:24:41
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/92
REFORESTA; No. 6 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Maria Kopiy, Albert Nijnik, Serhiy Kopiy, Leonid Kopiy, Maria Nijnik, Ruslana Presner, Igor Fizuk, Vasyl Agij, Ivanna Zholobchuk
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/94
2018-12-28T13:24:41Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"181228 2018 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Effects of substrate on germination and growth of Moringa oleifera Lam., Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth. and Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. seedlings
Ndiaye, Ousmane
Department of Agroforestry, Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor
Goudiaby, Arfang Ousmane Kemo
Department of Agroforestry, Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor, Senegal
Sambou, Antoine
Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor
Despite the importance of forests and trees, Senegal is facing to the loss of forests and the decline of tree diversity and density. This study focuses on Moringa oleifera Lam., Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth. and Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. which constitute a significant source of food and economic value for the populations of Casamance.In addition to a germination test, a follow-up of seedlings on different substrates was carried out in the nursery, in order to determine the effect of substrates on some growth parameters (number of leaves, height, diameter and biomass).The substrates used were three potting mixtures of forest soil of Faidherbia albida (FSFA), Elaeis guineensis (FSEG) and Anacardium occidentale (FSAO) and sand with the following proportion: 1/3 sand + 2/3 forest soil). Based on species, the germination rate was higher for A. mellifera (84%) followed by M.oleifera (55%) and Z. mauritiana (50%). The germination rate was more important in FSFA and FSEG than in FSAO. For growth parameters, there was a significant effect (P<0.05) of substrate type on height, diameter, number of leaves and root biomass. In term of growth parameters, the seedling performed better in FSFA and FSEG than in FSAO. The species effect was also significant (P<0.05) with higher root biomass and diameter found in M. oleifera and height and number of leaves in A. mellifera. The most important total biomass was found in FSFA followed by FSEG. Comparing the fraction of biomass according to the part of the seedling, the stem and branch had the higher fraction of biomass for A. mellifera (43%) and M. oleifera (38%) and the leaves for Z. mauritiana (46%).However, thetype of substrate can affect seedling development and growth parameters and the better results were recorded in FSFA and FSEG substrates.
SPS Reforesta
2018-12-28 14:24:41
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/94
REFORESTA; No. 6 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Ousmane Ndiaye, Arfang Kemo Goudiaby, Antoine Sambou
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/95
2018-12-28T13:24:41Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"181228 2018 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Mid- and long-term effects of stock type on the growth and yield of spruce seedlings in a non-herbicide scenario
Thiffault, Nelson
Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nelson_Thiffault2 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-6890
Ward, Charles
Direction de la recherche forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec
Stock types used in reforestation projects can influence plantation success, as they determine the morphological attributes of the planted seedlings. They can also interact with silviculture treatments to influence early seedling survival and growth. As nurseries develop and produce new stock types in response to –and in interaction with– manager needs, research efforts must be pursued to validate early seedling performance and long-term growth and yields. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the main and interactive effects of mechanical site preparation and stock type on planted black (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) and white spruce (P. glauca [Moench.] Voss) seedling dimensions at 16-y, and estimate the long-term impact of stock type on the merchantable volume at rotation age for white spruce. We hence compared medium (200 cm3 root plug) and large (350 cm3 root plug) containerized seedlings, as well as large bare-root seedlings of both species, in a field experiment established in Quebec (Canada), where there is a ban on the use of chemical herbicides for vegetation management treatments. Our results confirm that there is a significant, although limited impact of stock type on the size of black and white spruce at the juvenile stage, when medium and large stock types are compared, but that these small differences have a negligible effect on the estimated merchantable volume produced at rotation age (60 years). Mechanical site preparation does not promote seedling growth on these rich sites with thin humus. Therefore, selection of a medium or larger stock type for reforestation projects and application of mechanical site preparation in ecosystems similar to the one studied here should be based on other considerations than growth and yield, such as seedling availability, production and planting costs, or operational constraints.
SPS Reforesta
2018-12-28 14:24:41
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/95
REFORESTA; No. 6 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Nelson Thiffault, Charles Ward
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/98
2018-12-28T13:24:41Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"181228 2018 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Screening mined-out indigenous mycorrhizal fungi for the rehabilitation of mine tailing areas in the Philippines
Aggangan, Nelly Siababa
National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Los Banos
Cortes, Angelbert D
National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Los Banos
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a significant role for mine tailing rehabilitation due to their sensitivity towards a range of soil pollutants. This beneficial biological agent can enhance plant tolerance to heavy metal contamination. This study screened indigenous AMF associated with growing indigenous ferns and grasses in the mine tailings for potential use in rehabilitating a 3-decade abandoned mined out area in Mogpog, Marinduque. Pterocarpus indicus Willd. (narra) was used as the host plant to establish mycorrhizal fungi association. Among the treatments, indigenous AMF associated with Ferns 1, 2 and 5 generally improved the height and shoot diameter of the narra seedlings and the effect was comparable with commercially available AMF inoculants, MYKOVAM® and MYKORICH®. The dry weight of the roots and nodules was consistently improved by indigenous AMF from Fern2 and Grass1, which had comparable effect with MYKOVAM® and MYKORICH®. Overall, the total seedling dry matter of narra seedlings was significantly stimulated by AMF, irrespective of isolates’ origin. The mycorrhizal root infection by AMF and number of spores in the soil were all high as compared with the uninoculated control counterpart. Lastly, AMF inoculation induced Cu retention in the roots of the seedlings. Thus the results imply that, the mined out indigenous AMF are potential agents to rehabilitate the abandoned mine tailings in the Philippines.
SPS Reforesta
2018-12-28 14:24:41
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/98
REFORESTA; No. 6 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Nelly Siababa Aggangan, Angelbert D Cortes
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/99
2018-12-28T13:24:41Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"181228 2018 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Nurse plants and the regeneration niche of tree seedlings in wood-pastures from Western and North-Western Romania
Fodor, Ecaterina
University of Oradea, Faculty of Environmental Protection, Forestry and Forest Engineering Department, Oradea, Romania
Haruta, Ovidiu
University of Oradea, Faculty of Environmental Protection, Forestry and Forest Engineering Department, Oradea, Romania
Dorog, Sorin
University of Oradea, Faculty of Environmental Protection, Forestry and Forest Engineering Department, Oradea, Romania
Facilitation is a positive interaction demonstrated to be one of the important factors shaping the regeneration niche of trees, mostly under stressful conditions which is currently studied in the frame of complex ecological networks. The protection provided by benefactor plants for tree seedlings playing the role of beneficiaries is documented mainly in arid and semi-arid habitats or in situations where herbivores’ pressure constitutes the main stressful factor for tree regeneration. One of the iconic Transylvanian landscapes is the wood-pasture, also one of the oldest agro-forestry systems to which recent forest expansion in abandoned agricultural fields or pastures is added. The proposed work represents a preliminary investigation on the association between benefactor plants, mostly spiny shrubs (Rosa canina, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa as the most frequently encountered benefactors) and tree seedlings (Quercus spp., Tilia spp., Carpinus betulus, Fraxinus angustifolia, Pyrus pyraster as most frequently encountered beneficiaries), in four different locations from North-Western and Western Romania, wood-pastures, abandoned pastures and abandoned agricultural fields under the consideration that the main stressful factor is represented by livestock grazing. Bipartite, qualitative merged network was generated depicting the interaction between beneficiaries and benefactors. Commonly used metrics were calculated: connectivity, nestedness, modularity, betweenness centrality and centralization compared to similar facilitation networks presented in the literature. Facilitation network is characterized by high nestedness (N=0.896), lack of modularity, relatively high connectance (C=0.233), features encountered in mutualistic networks also. Betweenness centrality scores highlighted the keystone benefactor and beneficiary species, while betweenness centralization score (0.192) indicates the fact that there are several species sharing the dominant position in terms of interactions. The analysis of measurement data (seedlings’ and benefactor plants’ heights, distance from focal seedlings to nearest benefactor species and orientation) showed that there is common pattern in orientation (most of the benefactor species oriented toward South or South West) also in dimensional variability (MANOVA results).
SPS Reforesta
2018-12-28 14:24:41
application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/99
REFORESTA; No. 6 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Ecaterina Fodor, Ovidiu Haruta, Sorin Dorog
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/100
2019-01-17T07:32:26Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"181228 2018 eng "
2466-4367
dc
The effect of seed size grading on seed use efficiency and height of one-year-old container-grown Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings
Novikov, Arthur I.
Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Arthur_Novikov http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1230-0433
Ivetić, Vladan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vladan_Ivetic http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1422
The seed of Pinus sylvestris L. originating from natural forest in Voronezh region, Russian Federation, was graded in four classes based on seed diameter size, using the operational equipment of screens with round openings. The ungraded seedlot was used as control. Seedlings were produced in Voronezh containerized forest nursery, from March to September 2015, following the standard procedure for Pinus sylvestris. Seed from each size class, plus control, is sown in containers with 120 cm3 cells, filled with peat-substrate, grown in greenhouse for eight weeks, followed by hardening in growing area until the end of the growing season. The results shows a week positive effect of seed grading on height of one-year old container-grown seedlings, but significant improvement of seed use efficiency by reducing the number of empty cells. Based on results of this study, we can recommend grading of Pinus sylvestris seed on two size classes.
SPS Reforesta
2018-12-28 14:24:41
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/100
REFORESTA; No. 6 (2018)
eng
Copyright (c) 2018 Arthur I. Novikov, Vladan Ivetić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/106
2019-06-28T12:27:42Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"190628 2019 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Growth characteristics of one-year-old seedlings of three autochthonous oak species in suboptimal growing conditions
Šušić, Nikola
University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Belgrade, Serbia http://www.imsi.bg.ac.rs/sr/cv_template_sr/?cv_title=z_&id_zap=203 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2989-7096
Bobinac, Martin
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Bauer-Živković, Andrijana
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
Urošević, Jelena
Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia
Kerkez Janković, Ivona
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
The paper presents the growth characteristics of one-year-old seedlings of three autochthonous oak species (Fagaceae family): Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.), Hungarian oak (Quercus frainetto Ten.) and downy oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) in suboptimal growing conditions. The analyzed oak species are widely distributed in Serbia. One of the most important benefits of oak species is wood production (Hungarian and Turkey oak), and they have a promising role for the use in the future regarding the climate change as all species can be encountered on dry sites. Acorns were collected in the autumn of 2017 in natural stands and a sample of 400 acorns per each oak species was immediately sown in a nursery seedbed in the form of a random block system with four replicates. At the end of 2018, the available sample of seedlings was analyzed morphometrically. The seedlings were classified according to the number of shoot growth flushes into one-flush-growth and multi-flush growth seedlings. Turkey Oak had the highest number of seedlings which also recorded higher values in total height, root collar diameter and number of leaves. These results were obtained on alkaline soil with the presence of weeds and rodents and the absence of irrigating. The presence of multi-flush growth was recorded in all three oak species. Differences between analyzed three oak species exist in these suboptimal conditions. However, in full light conditions, a similar growth pattern was recorded, indicating to the similar adaptability of the species.
SPS Reforesta
2019-06-28 14:27:42
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application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
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application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/106
REFORESTA; No. 7 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Nikola Šušić, Martin Bobinac, Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić, Andrijana Bauer-Živković, Jelena Urošević, Ivona Kerkez Janković
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/107
2019-06-28T12:27:42Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"190627 2019 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Maximizing seed germination in five species of the genus Acacia (Fabaceae Mimosaceae)
Kheloufi, Abdenour
Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna, Algeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-349X
Boukhatem, Faiza Zineb
Department of Biotechnology, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
Mansouri, Lahouaria Mounia
Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna, Algeria
Djelilate, Mohamed
Department of Biology, University of Relizane, Relizane, Algeria
Seeds of many tree-species possess a hard seed coat which is impervious to water. These seeds often take a long time to germinate, resulting in heterogeneity and a delay in seedlings development which is an inconvenience for reforestation success. The aim of the present work was to determine the possibilities to improve the germination of five leguminous trees of the genus Acacia that have been recorded in the arid and the desert region of Algeria using sulphuric acid. A duration of 30 min of immersion in sulphuric acid improved the seed germination up to 97.5% and 99% for A. albida and A. laeta, respectively. Increasing the time of immersion (from 30 to 90 min) improved the germination percentages for A. ehrenbergiana and A. seyal seeds to 92.5% and 93.7%, respectively. Increasing this duration to 120 min had a positive effect on A. tortilis seed germination, improving the final germination rate up to 97%. Understanding of seed Germination Requirements is very important for regeneration and successful tree establishment in forest nurseries as well as for direct plantation in arid and semi-arid lands.
SPS Reforesta
2019-06-28 14:27:42
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/107
REFORESTA; No. 7 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Abdenour Kheloufi, Faiza Zineb Boukhatem, Lahouaria Mounia Mansouri, Mohamed Djelilate
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/108
2019-06-28T12:27:42Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"190628 2019 eng "
2466-4367
dc
TREND-RUN model application of surface temperature and its implications for South African forestry and reforestation using local weather services data
Jimmy, Raven
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Durban, South Africa
Govender, Pramanathan
Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
Bencherif, Hassan
Laboratorie de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones, Université de La Réunion, La Réunion, France
Moodley, Matthew
University of KwaZulu-Natal, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Durban, South Africa
Temperature can directly and indirectly impact the livelihood of inhabitants of a country and the natural environment as a whole. The surface temperature trend approximations for South Africa (SA) were calculated using a linear-regression fitting model. The model was adapted at The University of Reunion Island and was referred to as the Trend-Run model. The geophysical signal of the model was split into a sum of oscillations, which was used to clarify most of its variability. The trend values were calculated from the residual terms as a linear function. The model used atmospheric oscillations, which included Annual (AO), Semi-Annual (SAO), Quasi-Biennial Oscillations (QBO), El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the 11-years solar cycle-Sun Spot Number (SSN) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The South African Weather Service (SAWS) data were used for the study. Data sets over a 31-year period, from March 1980 to December 2011, were used to measure the validity of the Trend-Run model, to determine the contribution and effect of this particular oscillation, and the validity of the model. The Trend-Run model showed very high applicability to the surface temperatures in all provinces across the SA region under investigation. High coefficient of determination values between (0.70-0.91) were recorded for surface temperatures across all provinces in the country with minor variations. The AO, ENSO and SAO were the highest contributing forcings in the model, thereby showing their high relevance to the success of this model in the study area. The temperature increases are expected to negatively impact on the biomes of SA, including the forest biome. Selected tree species of Acacia, Eucalyptus and Pinus could be impacted negatively with rising temperatures, which would negatively impact on the forestry industry in SA. As expected, the model did obtain a high success rate that ranged from 70% to 91% in the areas under study, however, there was still room for improvement by the possible inclusion of additional atmospheric forcings to the model that maybe be applicable to the weather and forestry distribution in SA.
SPS Reforesta
2019-06-28 14:27:42
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/108
REFORESTA; No. 7 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Raven Jimmy, Pramanathan Govender, Hassan Bencherif, Matthew Moodley
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/109
2019-06-28T12:27:42Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"190628 2019 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Physio-biochemical characterization of two acacia species (A. karroo Hayn and A. saligna Labill.) under saline conditions
Kheloufi, Abdenour
Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna, Algeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-349X
Mansouri, Lahouaria Mounia
Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna, Algeria
Mami, Anas
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
Djelilate, Mohamed
Department of Biology, University of Relizane, Relizane, Algeria
Drought and salinity act simultaneously in tolerance and acclimatization under saline conditions. Therefore, plants subjected to these types of stress should have developed specific structural adaptations at the early stages of development. The solution to these environmental problems is to look for species that are relatively water-efficient and resistant to recurrent episodes of various abiotic stresses such as salt stress. In this study, the salinity tolerance index, ionic homeostasis and osmoprotection were evaluated in A. karroo and A. saligna plants of 90 days old and cultured at various concentrations of NaCl for 21 days. Results showed that salt caused remarkable changes in some growth-related parameters (dry biomass) represented by the salinity tolerance index (STI). Na+, Ca2+, and RatioNa+/K+ content in the leaves increased with salinity levels, while K+ contents were significantly reduced compared to the control in both acacia species. Levels of proline, total free amino acids and reducing sugars have been accumulated considerably in the leaves. A. karroo was more salt-tolerant than A. saligna. Our results showed that the adaptability of a species to salinity is closely related to ion selectivity and biomass production. The seedlings also accumulated significantly a set of important osmolytes in leaves under salt stress, showing a marked increase in secondary metabolite accumulation. This adaptation proved very specific to each species for better survival in saline environments.
SPS Reforesta
2019-06-28 14:27:42
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/109
REFORESTA; No. 7 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Abdenour Kheloufi, Lahouaria Mounia Mansouri, Anas Mami, Mohamed Djelilate
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/110
2019-06-28T12:27:42Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"190628 2019 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Seed germination of Crataegus monogyna – a species with a stony endocarp
Kheloufi, Abdenour
Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna, Algeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-349X
Mansouri, Lahouaria Mounia
Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna, Algeria
Vanbellinghen, Cécile
Department of Quality and Animal Welfare, Seed Testing Laboratory, Chemin de Liroux, Gembloux, Belgium
The present work demonstrates the effects of moist cold stratification on seed dormancy breaking in Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.). We also examined the fruit and seed morphology. Mature and ripe fruits were collected, the pulp removed and the seeds (stones) left in the sun to dry for three days. Four temperature regimes viz. 4°C, 6.5°C (natural conditions where the fruits were harvested), 10°C and 20°C were used for stimulating seed germination under total darkness. For each treatment, there were four replicates with 50 seeds incubated in a plastic container between two layers of moist sand at 15%. At the end of the experiment, non-germinating seeds were tested for viability using Tetrazolium chloride (TZ). After 4 months, the final germination (FGP) was expressed as a percentage of the total number of seeds in each treatment. The fruits of Hawthorn were 14.9 ± 0.73 mm long and 15.1 ± 0.84 mm in diameter and weigh 2.05 ± 0.28 g. The seeds were 8.29 ± 0.43 mm long and 6.75 ± 0.39 mm in diameter and weigh (0.25 ± 0.04) g. The thousand-fruit weight was 2,000 g and of the thousand-seeds weight was 280 g. The statistical analysis indicated significant effect (p < 0.0001) of treatment on seed germination. Dormancy in this species was broken most effectively by cold stratification at 4°C and under natural conditions with 76% and 67.5% of FGP, respectively. Most of the nongerminated seeds of C. monogyna were viable (dormant) as judged by TZ.
SPS Reforesta
2019-06-28 14:27:42
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/110
REFORESTA; No. 7 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Abdenour Kheloufi, Lahouaria Mounia Mansouri, Cécile Vanbellinghen
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/111
2020-06-30T17:40:14Z
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driver
"200630 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Black locust stand structure on the sterile dump in the middle basin of Jiu River (Romania)
BUZATU-GOANȚĂ (née) HERNEA, Cornelia
Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania
Corneanu, Mihaela
Nețoiu, Constantin
Buzatu, Andrei
Lăcătușu, Anca Rovena
Cojocaru, Luminița
Introduced in 1750 as an ornamental tree and then in 1852 as a forest tree species, black locust occupied nowadays 250,000 ha in Romania. The tree species is important for its wood (lumber, poles, firewood, etc.), its honey-related production as well as its environmental role (afforestation of sand dunes and sterile dumps).
One of the most important activities in the middle basin of Jiu River is coal mining. After 1956 this activity has developed very quickly and two power plants were built in Rovinari and Turceni. As a result, sterile dumps and coal ash dumps have established so it was necessary to restore the area by afforestation. This activity started with the sterile dump Viaduct Rovinari, using Austrian pine and black locust, and continued with others such as Cocoreni and Moi. The most used tree species for ecological restoration was black locust. In order to express the stand structure, diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (H) and crown diameter were measured. The soil analysis were performed and showed differences in the content of heavy metals and radionuclides for both location. The study revealed positive correlations between DBH and H, a stronger one for Moi plantation. Our research highlights the capacity of black locust to establish and grow under very difficult site conditions.
SPS Reforesta
2020-06-30 19:40:14
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/111
REFORESTA; No. 9 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Cornelia BUZATU-GOANȚĂ (née) HERNEA, Mihaela Corneanu, Constantin Nețoiu, Andrei Buzatu, Anca Rovena Lăcătușu, Luminița Cojocaru
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/111
2020-06-30T17:13:23Z
REFOR:ART
driver
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/112
2024-01-27T14:11:03Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"201013 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Application of a PhotoThermal model for container-grown conifer seedling production
Grossnickle, Steven
NurseryToForest Solutions
This study applied a total energy approach to model seedling growth for container-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Seedlings were grown in three container stocktypes representing a range of cavity volume and density patterns. These seedlings were grown under both controlled greenhouse and outside compound environmental conditions under well-defined cultural conditions. Models for temperature and light ranges were created from work on the ecophysiological performance and morphological development of loblolly pine to these atmospheric conditions. A PhotoThermal data set was created by generating hourly averages of these two environmental variables during the growing season. Light and temperature data were integrated, each weighted equally, into PhotoThermal hours (PTH) to assess the crop growth response. Loblolly pine seedling growth in both the greenhouse and outside compound was directly related to PTH. Seedling growth was also related to the container type with the largest cavity volume and lowest cavity density having the greatest growth per PTH. Application of the PhotoThermal model is discussed for growing seedlings in an operational program having multiple production steps, delivery dates and nursery locations.
SPS Reforesta
2019-12-31 02:37:56
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/112
REFORESTA; No. 8 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Steven Grossnickle
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/115
2020-02-11T11:29:34Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"191231 2019 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Acorn size influence on the quality of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) one-year old seedlings
Devetaković, Jovana R
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry http://www.sfb.bg.ac.rs/jovana-devetakovic/ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3840-6458
Nonić, Marina
Prokić, Bojan
Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
Popović, Vladan
Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is one of the most important deciduous tree species in the Serbian and European forests. Different negative factors limit natural regeneration of pedunculate oak forests, so producing of high quality seedlings becomes imperative to ensure successful forest restoration. This research was conducted with to aim to determine whether acorn size is related to seedlings quality. Acorns were collected from the natural pedunculate oak forest and divided into two groups by their size. Acorns were sown in the spring into plastic containers after five months cold storage. Size of acorns was in the standard species range, though germination was low (< 20 %). Germination was more then double in group of large acorns in comparison to group of smaller acorns (19.2 %, respectively 8.6 %). Height and root collar diameter of produced seedlings were lower than seedlings produced in seedbeds in commercial nurseries in Serbia, but it was in range of container produced seedlings in some similar researches. Height to root collar diameter ratio and shoot to root ratio were considered as satisfactory for containerized seedlings. There was not strong correlation between acorn size and seedlings quality attributes.
SPS Reforesta
2019-12-31 02:37:56
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/115
REFORESTA; No. 8 (2019)
eng
Copyright (c) 2019 Jovana R Devetaković, Marina Nonić, Bojan Prokić, Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić, Vladan Popović
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/119
2020-06-30T17:40:14Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"200630 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Effect of using harvesting residues as a nursery media on seedling weight in Brutian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.)
Çetinkaya, Durmuş
Bilir, Nebi
Forestry Faculty of Suleyman Demirel Univetsity
Effects of harvesting residues (needle, bark and branch) on fresh and dry weights of two-year bare root seedlings originated from a seed stand and a seed orchard were examined in Brutian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) to contribute nursery practices of the species and to estimate utilization possibility of the residues. Averages of seedling fresh and dry weights were 9.24 g and 3.36 g, respectively in polled treatments and origins. Results of analysis of variance showed significant differences (p≤0.05) among the treatments and between seed sources for the fresh and dry weights. Total averages of water content were 61.20% in root, 64.69% in stem and 63.75% in fresh weight of full seedling. Seed orchard seedlings had higher water content in root, stem and full seedling than seed stand seedlings opposite to fresh and dry weights. Averages of water content ranged from 60.39% (control treatment) to 65.94% (bark treatment) in full seedling of polled treatments and seed sources.
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2020-06-30 19:40:14
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https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/119
REFORESTA; No. 9 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Durmuş Çetinkaya, Nebi Bilir
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/119
2020-06-30T17:13:23Z
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driver
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/121
2020-07-01T13:08:29Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"200630 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Effect of temperature on seed germination of two Callistemon species (Myrtaceae)
Kheloufi, Abdenour
University of Batna2, Algeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-349X
Mounia Mansouri, Lahouaria
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna 05000, Algeria
Telali, Ibtissam
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna 05000, Algeria
Slimani, Selsabil
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna 05000, Algeria
The genus Callistemon belongs to the family Myrtaceae and comprises 34 species. They are woody aromatic trees or shrubs that are widely distributed in the wet tropics. According to the scientific literature, research on seed germination of this genus was rarely carried out. The germination requirements of Callistemon citrinus and Callistemon linearis were studied under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Seeds of both species were tested for germination at constant temperatures of 25°C, 30°C, 40°C, and at room temperature (23 ± 2°C) coupled with total darkness. Seeds were sown in Petri dishes (0.8% agar water) for 25 days of incubation. The kinetics of germination was determined according to four closely related parameters viz. final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) and time to 50% germination (T50). The room temperature of 23 ± 2 °C was found optimally suitable for both species, with 80% FGP and 11.1 days MGT for C. citrinus, and only 21.7% FGP and 12.4 days MGT were recorded for C. linearis. Furthermore, significant decrease in FGP was observed in both species at 25°C, 30°C and 40°C of temperature. The analysis also revealed that day 12-15 after seed sowing is suitable for final counts. Due of its very low FGP, seeds of C. linearis need an additional study to determine their viability.
SPS Reforesta
2020-06-30 19:40:14
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/121
REFORESTA; No. 9 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Abdenour Kheloufi, Lahouaria Mounia Mansouri, Ibtissam Telali, Selsabil Slimani
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/121
2020-06-30T17:13:23Z
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driver
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/123
2020-06-30T17:13:23Z
REFOR:ART
driver
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/123
2020-07-01T13:24:25Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"200701 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Effect of temperature and salinity on germination and seedling establishment of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae)
Kheloufi, Abdenour
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna 05000, Algeria
Mounia Mansouri, Lahouaria
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna 05000, Algeria
Zerrouni, Rawnak
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna 05000, Algeria
Abdelhamid, Okba
Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment, University of Batna2, Batna 05000, Algeria
The tree of heaven Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle is a multipurpose tree in forestry. However, it is considered an invasive and dangerous plant for native species, and in particular for national parks, where many studies have recorded their involvement in the disturbance of the already developed floral diversity. Assessing the impact of certain abiotic conditions on this species may identify the expected areas to be colonized by its seed propagation. Germination of tree of heaven were tested for germination at constant temperatures of 25, 30, 40°C, and at room temperature varying from 25-30°C coupled with total darkness. Seeds were sown in Petri dishes (0.8% agar water) for 6 days of incubation. The kinetic of germination was determined according to five closely related parameters viz. final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG), time to 50% germination (T50) and seedling length (SL). For the saline condition, the seeds underwent various NaCl concentrations from 0, 50, 100 or 200 mM. For each treatment, there were four replicates with 50 seeds incubated in a plastic container between two layers of moist sand at 15% of the appropriate treatment and then placed in a culture chamber at 27°C (± 2°C) for 30-day period. The effect of temperature was not significant on the MGT, CVG and T50. However, it was significant (p< 0.0001) on FGP and SL. The maximum germination of 94% was obtained at a temperature of 30°C and the lowest FGP of 40% was obtained at 25°C. For the salinity effect, the FGP of 75% in the control was much higher compared to the seeds treated at 50 mM NaCl with only 17.2% of FGP. Germination was completely inhibited from 100 mM NaCl. A. altissima can be classified as sensitive to salt stress during seed germination and seedling emergence. The salinity effect then joined the temperature to monitor nature's A. altissima seed propagation.
SPS Reforesta
2020-06-30 19:40:14
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/123
REFORESTA; No. 9 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Abdenour Kheloufi, Lahouaria Mounia Mansouri, Rawnak Zerrouni, Okba Abdelhamid
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/124
2020-06-30T17:13:23Z
REFOR:ART
driver
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/124
2020-06-30T17:40:14Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"200630 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Effect of pre-soaking substrate and light availability on seed germination and seedling establishment of Dracaena draco (L.) L., a threatened species
Kheloufi, Abdenour
University of Batna2, Algeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-349X
Boukhecha, Mohamed
Ouachi, Aziza
The Dragon tree, Dracaena draco (L.) L., is an extremely threatened species. Its natural regeneration is disturbed and population appears to decrease rapidly. To design appropriate germination and seedling establishment protocols for a species conservation and restoration program, we studied the effects of pre-soaking, substrate and light availability treatment on seed germination for 15-day period. The condition for light availability corresponded to the sowing depth (at surface or at 2 cm depth). Germination occurred better in the dark when seeds were sown at 2 cm depth. Our results showed that D. draco seeds sown in the sand under dark condition and after 24 hours pre-soaking in warm water germinated better and recorded 82.5% of final germination percentage (FGP). However, seedlings grew better in potting soil and recorded 54 mm of length. The maximum FGP of 51.3% was recorded under light condition. These results indicate that sowing depth and light availability could be a limiting factor for D. draco seed germination in natural condition. Furthermore, the establishment of D. draco seedlings (shoot and root length) during an 8-week period in pots was also assessed and illustrated. More research on seed ecophysiology is required to understand the mechanisms controlling seed germination of D. draco in arid and semi-arid conditions viz. salinity and drought.
SPS Reforesta
2020-06-30 19:40:14
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/124
REFORESTA; No. 9 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Abdenour Kheloufi, Mohamed Boukhecha, Aziza Ouachi
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/125
2020-06-30T17:13:23Z
REFOR:ART
driver
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/125
2020-06-30T17:40:14Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"200630 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Growth and quality of Pinus nigra (Arn.), Pinus sylvestris (L.) and Pinus pinaster (Aiton) seedlings in two container types
Dina Kolevska, Dana
Dimitrova, Anastazija
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:19:"Faculty of Forestry";}
Cokoski, Kristijan
Basova, Mare
Abstract
In this study we investigated the dynamics of growth and quality features of 1+0 Austrian Pine (AP; Pinus nigra Arn.), Scots Pine (SP; Pinus sylvestris L.) and Maritime Pine (MP; Pinus pinaster Aiton) seedlings in containers Yukosad (YS; hard plastic, 75cm3, 610 seedlings m-2) and Siset (SS; gray cardboard with white coating, 128 cm3, 589 seedlings m-2). The experiment, for all Pine species, was conducted in randomized blocks in four replications. Each replication contained 10 multipots of each container type. After the seed germination, every 15 days, i.e. 10 times during the vegetation season, 10 seedlings of each of 4 replications, i.e. 40 seedlings of each container and Pine species, were analyzed. The following morphological characteristics were measured: shoot height (SH), root collar diameter (RCD), shoot dry weight (SDW), number, length and dry weight (RDW) of I, II and III order lateral roots (FOLR, SOLR and TOLR) and of the central root. Quality ratios and indexes were calculated. The dynamics of growth of selected features during the vegetation season was expressed as trend lines. AP and SP seedlings, grown in containers YS had higher values of almost all measured traits (SH, RCD, SDW, number, length and dry weight of FOLR, SOLR and TOLR). However, in AP, the SS seedlings had better values of quality indexes and ratios (SQ, DQI, SDW/RDW and RDW/SDW ratio), than YS seedlings. SP seedlings, except for SQ, had better quality indexes in YS container. MP seedlings, with some exceptions, have better above ground quality features in SS containers, while root systems don’t differ significantly in both containers. Root quality indicators (root intensity and root bound indexes) are more favorable in SS containers in all Pine species. The polynomial trend lines in AP and SP grow in similar way and intensity in both containers, gradually increasing during the vegetation season. MP seedlings differ in much more intensive growth of above ground features, especially in the half of the vegetative period in both containers, while during this period root quantity and length stagnates. Generally, the quality of AP and SP seedlings is more or less equal and satisfactory in both containers, while MP seedlings show slightly better results in SS container.
SPS Reforesta
2020-06-30 19:40:14
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/125
REFORESTA; No. 9 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Dana Dina Kolevska, Anastazija Dimitrova, Kristijan Cokoski, Mare Basova
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/126
2020-06-30T17:40:14Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"200630 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Afforestation in barren laterite lands with Swietenia macrophylla G. King and plant growth promoting microbes
Arumugam, Karthikeyan
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:47:"institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding ";}
Barren laterite lands are available plenty in Kasargode District of Kerala, India and being used mainly for extracting laterite bricks for building construction. These lands are found barren due to lack of vegetation and rocky nature. Afforestation in these lands is very essential to avoid extraction of laterite bricks so as to prevent degradation of lands. To develop vegetation in these laterite lands the soil properties of laterite was examined as a first step of afforestation process. It was found that the soils have lack of plant growth promoting microbes (PGPM) and poor in major nutrients (N, P, K). Therefore, the PGPM specifically arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus fasciculatum and Glomus geosporum) and bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus megaterium) were used for afforestation in laterite lands along with Swietenia macrophylla G. King a commercially important tree of Kerala, India. The laterite soils were collected and used as potting media for growing seedlings of S. macrophylla in nursery and the cultured PGPM were inoculated in to the seedlings of S. macrophylla and maintained for 3 months. The PGPM inoculated seedlings showed improved growth, biomass and nutrient uptake. Thereafter the seedlings were transplanted at laterite lands at Karmanthodi, Bovikanam, Kasargode, Kerala, India and monitored their growth for 12 months. The seedlings inoculated with PGPM showed up to 98% survival rate with improved growth. From this study it was understood that PGPM have the potential to increase the efficiency of plant growth system in S. macrophylla seedlings through supply of essential levels of N, P and K that helped for successful afforestation in hardy laterite lands.
SPS Reforesta
2020-06-30 19:40:14
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/126
REFORESTA; No. 9 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Karthikeyan Arumugam
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/126
2020-06-30T17:13:23Z
REFOR:ART
driver
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/130
2024-01-27T14:11:00Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"201230 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Effect of seawater irrigation on germination and seedling growth of Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) from Gouraya National park (Béjaïa, Algeria)
Kheloufi, Abdenour
University of Batna2, Algeria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-349X
Mansouri, Lahouaria Mounia
The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is an important component of the Mediterranean vegetation and its cultivation is important environmentally and economically. It is also an interesting leguminous species for afforestation-reforestation. In this study, carob seeds collected in a representative area of the Mediterranean basin at the national park of Gouraya (Béjaïa, Algeria), were subjected to germination tests under Mediterranean seawater (SW) irrigation of different concentrations (0, 10, 30, 50 and 100% SW) for 15-day period. Before germination tests, a 20 min pre-treatment with 96% sulphuric acid was necessary to overcome seed coat dormancy which does not permit germination. Results showed that the seeds of C. siliqua were able to germinate at different seawater concentration, except for 50% SW and 100% SW which resulted in total inhibition of germination. The maximum number of C. siliqua seed germination of 100% FGP (final germination percentage) appeared at 0% SW and 10% SW. Only 35.5% of the seeds have germinated in 30% SW. Ungerminated seeds of C. siliqua from different SW treatments showed medium germination recovery (FGPRecov) of 39.9% at 50% SW and low recovery of 18.2% at 100% SW when transferred to distilled water after 15 day-period. Seedlings length and seedling fresh and dry weight were significantly (P < 0.001) decreased with increasing SW concentrations. Seedling water content remained constant in 10% SW in comparison with the control, while it decreased very slightly in 30% SW. These findings may serve as useful information for C. siliqua habitat establishment and afforestation-reforestation programs in coastal sites and for exploiting seawater in the area.
SPS Reforesta
2020-12-30 15:25:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/130
REFORESTA; No. 10 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Abdenour Kheloufi, Lahouaria Mounia Mansouri
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/131
2024-01-27T14:10:49Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"210106 2021 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Exploring the potential of two-aged white spruce plantations for the production of sawlog volume with simulations using SORTIE-ND
St-Gelais, Vincent
Université de Moncton, campus d’Edmundston (École de foresterie), 165, boul Hébert, Edmundston (New Brunswick), E3V 2S8, CANADA
Béland, Martin
Université de Moncton, campus d’Edmundston (École de foresterie), 165, boul Hébert, Edmundston (New Brunswick), E3V 2S8, CANADA
Thiffault, Nelson
Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Natural Resources Canada, 1055, du P.E.P.S, P.O Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec (Québec), CANADA
The main objective for even-aged plantation (EAP) management of producing sawlog material has driven practices towards low initial planting densities and lower post thinning densities. For semi-shade tolerant species, the resulting stand density potentially leaves enough growing space for the introduction of a second cohort of trees in the understory, making it a two-aged plantation (TAP). TAPs could have many silvicultural benefits, especially in sensitive areas where intensive treatments associated with EAPs are incompatible with local management objectives. White spruce (Picea glauca) is a good candidate species for modeling TAPs because it is the most widely planted tree species in Canada and has proven tolerance to understory planting. SORTIE-ND, a single-tree spatially explicit growth model was used to explore the yield of variable density and rotation length scenarios when each white spruce cohort is introduced mid rotation, compared to traditional even-aged management. All TAP scenarios tested produced more sawlog volume and more merchantable volume than equivalent densities of EAPs. The lowest density tested, 400 stems ha-1 planted every 35 years, had the highest sawlog yields (3.23 m3 ha-1 yr-1). Considering smaller size products changes the optimum TAP scenario but maintains the advantage over EAPs.
SPS Reforesta
2020-12-30 15:25:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/131
REFORESTA; No. 10 (2020)
eng
North America
Copyright (c) 2020 Vincent St-Gelais, Martin Béland, Nelson Thiffault
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/132
2024-01-27T14:10:58Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"201230 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Effect of sowing pattern and density on the quality of one-year-old Austrian pine bareroot seedlings
Devetaković, Jovana R
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry http://www.sfb.bg.ac.rs/jovana-devetakovic/ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3840-6458
Krinulović, Lučian
Kerkez Janković, Ivona
Faculty of Forestry - University of Belgrade https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2070-158X
Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) seedlings are frequently used for afforestation/reforestation and restoration practice in Serbia. Indeed, the seedlings of various stock types are produced by almost all forest nurseries in Serbia and bareroot seedlings are mostly common. The aim of this study is to analyze the method of sowing and sowing density on some morphological characteristics and quality of one-year-old Austrian pine seedlings. Sowing in rows and random sowing across all seedbed space were performed. In both cases, the sowing density (R1 - 8 g m-1, R2 - 40 g m-2) and half of the recommended sowing density (S1 - 4 g m-1, S2 - 20 g m-2) were applied. Seedlings from both treatments had average height and root collar diameter values in the range of 4.91 to 5.73 cm, and 1.25 to 2.34 mm, respectively. Observed characteristics of seedlings (height - H, root collar diameter - RCD, root length - RL, dry weight of shoot - SDW, root - RDW and seedlings - SLDW, sturdiness coefficient - SQ and quality index - QI) were conditioned by treatment (One-Way ANOVA, p<0.05). Shoot to root ration was similar at seedlings of all treatments and ranged from 1.33 to 1.63. In both cases, decreased density produced better results. The combination of lower sowing density (20 g m-2) and sowing in all seedbed areas (S2) provided the best seedlings with QI - 0.21.
SPS Reforesta
2020-12-30 15:25:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/132
REFORESTA; No. 10 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Jovana R Devetaković, Lučian Krinulović, Ivona Kerkez Janković
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/133
2024-01-27T14:10:54Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"201230 2020 eng "
2466-4367
dc
The growth of one-year-old narrow-leaved ash seedlings is strongly related to the leaf area parameters
Kerkez Jankovic, Ivona
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:44:"University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry";}
Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
Nonić, Marina
Devetaković, Jovana
The leaf area of plant leave scan be considered as an indicator of the plant growth conditions, and its variability is usually associated with adaptation and response to the changing environment. The aim of this study is to investigate the relation of the leaf area parameters on growth of the narrow-leaved ash 1+0 seedlings from the nursery trial and determining variability between the 18 half-sib lines. The seedlings were obtained from seeds collected from 18 maternal trees found in the area of the special nature reserve Upper Danube Region. Ten randomly selected 1+0 seedlings per half-sib line were selected for further study, and all leaves per seedling were collected, herbarized and scanned. The leaf area of each leaf (LACL) was measured using an open-source image processing program – ImageJ, and the total leaf area per seedling (TLA) was calculated. Also, the number of leaves per plant (NCL) as well as the number of leaflets within each imparipinnate compound leaf (NLCL) were counted. The results showed that differences between studied attributes were statistically significant among 18 selected half-sib lines (p < 0.05). The most variable parameter was the total leaf area per seedling (TLA; CV=68.98%), which is strongly correlated to the leaf area per each leaf (LACL; r=0.95) and the number of leaflets (NLCL; r=0.94). In this study, we confirmed that leaf parameters were highly correlated to the growth of one-year-old Fraxinus angustifolia seedlings.
SPS Reforesta
2020-12-30 15:25:59
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/133
REFORESTA; No. 10 (2020)
eng
Copyright (c) 2020 Ivona Kerkez Jankovic, Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić, Marina Nonić, Jovana Devetaković
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/135
2024-01-27T14:10:46Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"210630 2021 eng "
2466-4367
dc
The Ecological and histological investigation of species complex Diaporthe eres on Fraxinus excelsior seed from Montenegro
Vemić, Aleksandar
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:65:"Faculty of Forestry – University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia";}
Investigation of different seed diseases of common ash has great significance due to occurrence of ash dieback across Europe caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus Baral, Queloz and Hosoya (T.Kowalski) and still not completely defined strategies about regeneration of this species. Species complex Diaporthe eres are familiar pathogens of common ash. During the monitoring of health condition of common ash in Montenegro Diaporthe eres was frequently isolated from common ash seeds. The aim of this research was to investigate temperature conditions that contribute to the growth of Diaporthe eres strains from Montenegro in infected seeds and histological characteristics of Diaporthe eres spread in seeds. Growth of Diaporthe eres pure cultures on tested temperatures showed the fastest growth on 25°C and the absence of growth on 35°C. Mechanical damage did not significantly contribute to occurrence of infection. Microscopic examination of heavy infected seeds showed that hyphae of D.eres were visible on outer parts of seed spreading inside the core. In this research we investigated some basic bio ecological characteristics of D. eres associated with decline of F. excelsior seed in Montenegro.
SPS Reforesta
2021-06-30 13:50:13
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/135
REFORESTA; No. 11 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Aleksandar Vemić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/136
2024-01-27T14:10:44Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"210630 2021 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Budburst dynamics of Norway spruce seedlings (Picea abies Karst.) – selection for late spring frosts resistence
Cvjetković, Branislav
Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka
Mataruga, Milan
Daničić, Vanja
Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
Norway spruce is one of the most commonly used species for new forest planting in Europe. It is planted in a large number of habitats, often without following the previous results in the success of afforestation. In order to improve Norway spruce afforestation, open field tests were established in which developmental phenophases are monitored. The use of planting material of different provenances, which had not previously been tested for habitat conditions, was often the cause of the decline of newly planted forests. Early budburst of Norway spruce causes losses due to the freezing of terminal buds. Norway spruce testing for different habitat conditions in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) was conducted at two ecologically different localities: Srebrenica (eastern part of B&H) and Drinić (western part of B&H). During 3 years, the budburst on the seedlings originating from 6 populations (Han Pijesak 1, Han Pijesak 2, Foča, Olovo, Kneževo and Potoci) was monitored. The budburst dynamics was monitored in 2013, 2015 and 2016 and it was recorded for each seedling in two progeny tests. Seedlings from the Kneževo population budbursted the earliest. The seedlings would start budburst on different days of the year, depending partly on the temperature sums and their origin. The earliest budburst was recorded in 2013 (119th day of the year in Srebrenica and 121st day of the year in Drinić). During 2015 and 2016, the budburst started later (125th day in Srebrenica and 129th day in Drinić). Temperature cumulants indicate that a smaller sum of temperatures was required for the buburst in the Srebrenica test than in the Drinić test. However, the temperature sums did not clearly indicate the budburst pattern because they were different for each observed year, but the populations ranking was almost the same. This indicates the influence of some other variables on the budburst. The knowing of the data on the budburst dynamics are a prerequisite for a successful selection of starting populations from which planting material is produced and new forests are later planted. Population Kneževo had the earliest budburst but population Han Pijesak 2 had the latest budburst.
SPS Reforesta
2021-06-30 13:50:13
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/136
REFORESTA; No. 11 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Branislav Cvjetković, Milan Mataruga, Vanja Daničić, Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/138
2024-01-27T14:10:41Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"210630 2021 eng "
2466-4367
dc
The effect of temperature on the Fusarium sambucinum growth from the one-year-old Fraxinus excelsior seedlings in Montenegro
Vemić, Aleksandar
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:65:"Faculty of Forestry – University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia";}
Radulović, Zlatan
Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
Species complex Fusarium sambucinum was frequently isolated from ash stands in Montenegro. Previous researches revealed that it is dangerous pathogen for one-year-old seedlings. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of temeperature on growth and morphological characteristics of morphotype isolated from one-year-old common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) seedlings in Montenegro. Growth of Fusarium sambucinum pure cultures on different temperatures was the fastest on 25°C while the absence of growth occurred on 32.5°C. Cultures on optimum temperature were white reddish, aerial and with a lot hyaline, curved multi septate conidia. This research covers basic ecological and morphological characteristics of Fusarium sambucinum strain responsible for high pathogenicity towards one-year-old common ash seedlings in Montenegro.
SPS Reforesta
2021-06-30 13:50:13
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/138
REFORESTA; No. 11 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Aleksandar Vemić, Zlatan Radulović
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/139
2024-01-27T14:10:38Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"210630 2021 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Field performance of Austrian pine bareroot seedlings in comparision to seedlings pattern and density in the nursery
Devetaković, Jovana R
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry http://www.sfb.bg.ac.rs/jovana-devetakovic/ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3840-6458
Pavlović, Slavko
Krinulović, Lučian
Kerkez Janković, Ivona
The Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) is a species often used in afforestation/reforestation programs in Serbia and region. Seedlings quality has a great role in outplanting survival and growth. Nursery cultural practice has a central influence on seedlings morphological attributes, so we tested seedlings quality from different seedbed densities and seedlings patterns and their outplanting success. Two-year-old bareroot seedlings were grown in very high densities (110 seedlings m-1 in rows and 750 seedlings m-2 across all seedbed space) and high densities (65 seedlings m-1in rows and 450 seedlings m-2 across all seedbed space). Morphological attributes (root collar diameter - RCD, height - H, sturdiness coefficient - SQ, root length – Rl, dry weight of shoot - SDW and root - RDW, shoot to root ration - S:R and quality index - QI) of seedlings from different densities were tested in the nursery before outplanting and compare with seedlings survival and growth (root collar diameter – RCD1 and height – H1) one year after field growing. Seedlings from different densities had accepted RCD (>3 mm) for field planting and there were significant differences in their morphological attributes, except Rl and S:R. The best survival was recorded at seedlings from highest seedbed densities (93.33%), opposite with many previous researches. Seedlings grown across all seedbed space (450 seedlings per m-2) keep their advantage in growth after first year, although survival was lowest (46.67%).
SPS Reforesta
2021-06-30 13:50:13
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/139
REFORESTA; No. 11 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Jovana R Devetaković, Slavko Pavlović, Lučian Krinulović, Ivona Kerkez Janković
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/140
2024-01-27T14:07:56Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"211230 2021 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Two studies of the potential of drought preconditioning to enhance deep root production in seedlings of western larch (Larix occidentalis)
Vale, Ashleigh
University of Idaho
Moler, Ehren
University of Idaho https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0028-9903 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0028-9903
Nelson, Andrew
University of Idaho https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8715-7825 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8715-7825
Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of drought in the western USA. Evidence suggests that drought preconditioning of plants may improve the survival of planted seedlings under dry conditions through enhanced water uptake by roots, but the mechanisms underlying enhanced survival under drought remain unknown. We tested whether the vertical distribution of roots in root plug cross-sections varied with drought preconditioning and seed source. We subjected western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) seedlings from eight different provenances to Low (50-65% gravimetric water content), Moderate (65-75%), and High (≥75%) watering regimes in a nursery. We then investigated dry root mass across four root-plug sections, including the taproot and three lateral root cross-sections (top 1/3rd, middle 1/3rd, and bottom 1/3rd of root plugs). We also tested for carry-over effect of drought preconditioning on the mass of egressed roots observed among cross-sections of potting soil in a 30-day potted study. Root plug mass varied significantly (P< 0.001) with watering regime, root plug cross-section, and an interaction between watering regime and cross-section. Overall, seedlings that received less water produced lateral root plug cross-sections of greater mass, which coincided with taproots of less mass. In contrast to findings from the root plug study, the distribution of egressed root mass among cross-sections of potting soil did not vary with drought preconditioning. This is the first study to assess seedling root growth in response to drought preconditioning in western larch with a focus on the distribution of root mass in root plugs and egressed root mass among soil cross-sections. We expect this work to facilitate future efforts to improve drought hardiness of western larch seedlings. Future improvement of western larch seedlings will require investigation into whether altered root plug mass distribution translates to improved seedling performance in outplanting trials.
SPS Reforesta
2021-12-30 16:06:02
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/140
REFORESTA; No. 12 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Ashleigh Vale, Ehren Moler, Andrew Nelson
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/144
2024-01-27T14:07:50Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"211230 2021 eng "
2466-4367
dc
The first report of Ochrospora ariae and Septoria sorbi on whitebeam (Sorbus aria) seedlings in Montenegro
Vemić, Aleksandar
Faculty of Forestry – University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9195-8967
Symptoms of disease were recorded on leaves of whitebeam (Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz) seedlings in one stand in Montenegro. Analysis showed fungi Ochrospora ariae (Fuckel) Ramsb. and Septoria sorbi Lasch were present on infected trees. Species Seporia sorbi was associated with necrotic reddish and brown spots while species Ochrospora ariae was associated with necrotic reddish spots and yellow pustule of uredinia on leaves. Species were recorded both separately and simultaneously on leaves. This is the first record of Ochrospora ariae and Seporia sorbi on whitebeam (Sorbus aria) in Montenegro. Results will contribute to better knowledge of diseases and better protection of whitebeam (Sorbus aria) in early stages of growth in this part of its areal.
SPS Reforesta
2021-12-30 16:06:02
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/144
REFORESTA; No. 12 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Aleksandar Vemić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/145
2024-01-27T14:07:48Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"211230 2021 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Restoration of degraded forest reserves in Ghana
Guuroh, Reginald T.
CSIR, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi, Ghana
Foli, Ernest G.
CSIR, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi, Ghana
Addo-Danso, Shalom D.
CSIR, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi, Ghana
Stanturf, John
Estonian University of Life Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6828-9459
Kleine, Michael
Department International Union of Forest Research Organizations, Vienna, Austria
Burns, Janice
Department International Union of Forest Research Organizations, Vienna, Austria
Deforestation in Ghana has led to a forest loss of almost 20% from 9,924,000 ha in 1990 to 7,986,000 ha today. To restore degraded lands, Forest Landscape Restoration has become a critical approach globally. This study was conducted in Ghana focusing on the examples of two forest landscape restoration projects in the Pamu Berekum Forest Reserve: 10-year-old mixed-stands of two to four native tree species and an exotic species stands, including Triplochiton scleroxylon, Terminalia ivorensis, Ceiba pentandra, Nauclea diderrichii and Cedrela odorata at Pamu Berekum 1 and 4-year-old Tectona grandis and 2-year-old Gmelina arborea monoculture stands at Pamu Berekum 2. Estimates of productivity in the restored forests are described, as well as the effects of the restoration on provision of ecosystem service and benefits obtained by local communities. Stand productivity was assessed as mean annual increment of diameter and height, biomass production, and standing volume. For ecosystem services, carbon stocks were calculated for the restored forests; other ecological benefits, as well as financial benefits, were obtained through interviews with fringe communities. The results indicate that FLR can be implemented successfully using different models provided that local communities are involved during the planning and implementation of interventions. When all stands were projected to 10 years, results show higher productivity in T. grandis (331.77 m3 ha-1) and G. arborea stands (1,785.99 m3ha-1) compared to mixed stand (160.41 m3 ha-1). The Gmelina arborea stand was more productive and had higher carbon stocks (1,350.10 Mg ha-1) relative to the T. grandis stand (159.89 Mg ha-1). Both restoration projects were found to deliver important benefits and ecosystem services at the local and national levels, including direct and indirect benefits. The results provide an example for forest/environmental managers on how FLR might be implemented to create multiple benefits at different levels from local communities to the national level. Thus, these results may be useful for guiding successful restoration activities within the context of the ongoing global Forest Landscape Restoration efforts.
SPS Reforesta
2021-12-30 16:06:02
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/145
REFORESTA; No. 12 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 John Stanturf, Reginald T. Guuroh, Ernest G. Foli, Shalom D. Addo-Danso, Michael Kleine, Janice Burns
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/147
2024-01-27T14:07:42Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"220105 2022 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Early pine root anatomy and primary and lateral root formation are affected by container size: implications in dry-summer climates
Montagnoli, Antonio
Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3 – 21100 Varese, Italy. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8921-0754
Chiatante, Donato
Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3 – 21100 Varese, Italy.
Dimitrova, Anastazija
Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche, Italy
Terzaghi, Mattia
Department of Chemistry and Biology ‘A. Zambelli’, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8803-7726
Pinto, Jeremiah R.
Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, 1221 South Main Street, Moscow, Idaho 83843 USA
Dumroese, R. Kasten
Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, 1221 South Main Street, Moscow, Idaho 83843 USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2790-5286
Although the presence of root anatomical structures of young Pinus ponderosa seedlings grown in containers of contrasting volume (164 vs. 7000 cm3) was similar, seedlings reared 60 days in the large container had more vascular cambium although the xylem thickness was similar. In addition, seedlings in large containers had nearly twice as many resin ducts within the vascular cambium as their cohorts in small containers. Taproot length closely matched container depth. Though lateral root emission rates were similar between container sizes, large container seedlings had more than 2X the number of lateral roots as those from small containers. These differences in morphophysiological characteristics may be important to seedling establishment on sites that experience dry summer conditions, or for seedlings destined to drier, harsher sites. Further work to elucidate the ramifications of these morphophysiological differences on seedling establishment is warranted.
SPS Reforesta
2021-12-30 16:06:02
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/147
REFORESTA; No. 12 (2021)
eng
Copyright (c) 2021 Antonio Montagnoli, Donato Chiatante, Anastazija Dimitrova, Mattia Terzaghi, Jeremiah R. Pinto, R. Kasten Dumroese
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/159
2024-01-27T14:07:34Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"220630 2022 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Growth performances of seed sources in a progeny trial of Pinus brutia Ten.
Bilir, Nebi
Forestry Faculty of Suleyman Demirel Univetsity
Ozbey, Alper Ahmet
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5514-1423
Progeny trial is a scientific plantation established for different forestry purposes such as selection and establishment of seed sources. Tree height and diameter at breast height were examined in a 23-year-old progeny trial established by seedlings of five seed orchard populations and five seed stand populations which were mother/base populations of the orchards in Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) to compare the seed sources for the traits in this study. Trees of seed orchard populations showed higher growth performances than that of seed stand populations for the traits. Most of the seed stand populations had higher tree height than their seed orchard populations opposite to diameter at breast height. While seed sources were similar (p>0.05), populations showed significant (p<0.05) differences for both traits according to results of analyses of variance. Tree height was more homogenous than diameter at breast based on Duncan’s multiple range tests and coefficients of variations. Positive and significant correlation (p<0.05) was found between the traits in both seed stand populations and seed orchard populations.
SPS Reforesta
2022-06-30 23:04:21
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/159
REFORESTA; No. 13 (2022)
eng
Copyright (c) 2022 Nebi Bilir, Alper Ahmet Ozbey
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/161
2024-01-27T14:07:24Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"221229 2022 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Comparing 16-year-old shortleaf and loblolly pine growth and yield on a north Mississippi afforested site
VanderSchaaf, Curtis
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:28:"Mississippi State University";}
Kushla, John D
Central Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Raymond, Mississippi, United States
This analysis compares the growth and yield of 16-year-old shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) planted on retired fields near Holly Springs in north Mississippi. The 1-0 bareroot shortleaf seedlings were planted in early March of 2005, while bareroot 1-0 loblolly pine 2nd-generation seedlings were planted during the third week of March in 2005. For both species, the site was subsoiled. Within the plantations of each species, four plots were established for each species and total height and diameter at breast height (dbh) were measured. Volumes were then estimated using appropriate combined-variable volume equations. Loblolly pine had substantially greater growth rates relative to shortleaf pine, producing on average across the four plots (n = 4) 48.4 m-2 of basal area ha-1. This basal area was 42.6% greater than the 34.0 m-2 of basal area ha-1 observed within the shortleaf pine. For merchantable volume, defined as all trees with a dbh of 10.16 cm and greater up to a diameter-outside bark (dob) of 5.08 cm, the loblolly pine m-3 volume ha-1 of 424 was 2.36 times greater than that of shortleaf pine. Merchantable volumes were converted to tons and a revenue of $3.61 was assumed per ton of pulpwood. A theoretical 3rd row thinning with no logger select of the remaining rows was conducted – hence the thinning was assumed to remove 33% of the standing merchantable yield. Loblolly pine had a stumpage value of $97.39 ha-1 which was 136% greater than the shortleaf pine economic value of $41.23 ha-1.
SPS Reforesta
2022-12-29 22:30:04
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/161
REFORESTA; No. 14 (2022)
eng
Copyright (c) 2022 Curtis VanderSchaaf, John D Kushla
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/167
2024-01-27T14:07:18Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"221229 2022 eng "
2466-4367
dc
The bigger the tree the better the seed – effect of Sessile oak tree diameter on acorn size, insect predation, and germination
Dobrosavljevic, Jovan
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:43:"University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry";}
Devetaković, Jovana
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry
Kanjevac, Branko
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry
Sessile oak is one of the ecologically and economically most important tree species in Europe. Recently, the importance of this species has been particularly highlighted in the context of climate change, where it is expected that these species will play a significant role within their natural range and beyond. To regenerate and expand the range of the sessile oak forests, a large amount of healthy acorns is needed. The acorn production and the acorns themselves are endangered by a large number of abiotic and biotic factors. As oak trees of different sizes do not produce the same amount of seed of the same quality, we investigated how the sessile oak tree diameter affects the acorn size, insect infestation, and germination rate. On the other side, as the acorn size influences the attack rates of the most significant acorn pest – Curculio glandium (Marsham, 1802), and the germination rates of both the damaged and healthy acorns we also investigated how the acorn dimensions influence the insect damage and germination rates, and how the insect damage influences the germination rates. We determined that the oak tree size influences some oak seed characteristics that are important for forest regeneration, while it does not affect others. A greater acorn yield was recorded on the bigger oak trees. The tree dimensions also had a significant influence on the acorn size. Greater average length, as well as greater average acorn diameter, were recorded on bigger trees. Although the tree size affects the acorn size, it does not influence the acorn insect predation rates or its germination rates. These parameters are affected by the acorn size itself. Bigger acorns had a greater germination rate. Insects preferred smaller acorns and had a significantly negative influence on the germination rate.
SPS Reforesta
2022-12-29 22:30:04
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/167
REFORESTA; No. 14 (2022)
eng
Copyright (c) 2022 Jovan Dobrosavljevic, Jovana Devetaković, Branko Kanjevac
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/168
2024-01-27T14:07:13Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"221229 2022 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Provenances vs. microhabitat influence on field performance of Quercus robur seedlings
Kerkez Jankovic, Ivona
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:44:"University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry";}
Šijačić-Nikolić, Mirjana
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4811-3616
Nonić, Marina
Provenance trials, as the subject of continuous analyses, provide empirical information about the plasticity of tree species. Changing climate and environmental conditions likely favor genotypes with high levels of plasticity. Finding the suitable provenance for the reintroduction of pedunculate oak to habitats that are threatened and where this species no longer exists provides important information for the targeted use of the available gene pool. The dominant ecological factors in the development of pedunculate oak forests are groundwater level and changes in the hydrological regime of habitats. In this study, we established nursery and field provenance trials to test two pedunculate oak seed provenances from different hydrological conditions to investigate the influence of seedlings' provenance and field microhabitat on growth parameters and survival. In the nursery trial, the height and ground level diameter were measured. After three years in the pilot object, the height and diameter were analyzed again, as well as the survival. To determine the microhabitat influence planting area was divided in two ways: three repetitions and two planting blocks. In this study, significant differences in analyzed growth parameters between the chosen provenances were obtained at the end of the first vegetation period. In later ontogenetic phases influence of the provenance is missing. As the difference between provenances disappears, the influence of microhabitat occurs (significant differences between repetition or planting blocks). After the second year of development, no significant difference was observed between the two provenances of different hydrological regimes, but there are significant differences between the microhabitats in the afforested area (established pilot object).
SPS Reforesta
2022-12-29 22:30:04
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/168
REFORESTA; No. 14 (2022)
eng
Copyright (c) 2022 Ivona Kerkez Jankovic, Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić, Marina Nonić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/169
2024-01-27T14:07:10Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"221229 2022 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Potential of new planting container in Quercus robur seedlings production – first report
Mijatovic, Ljubica
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1920-5802
Pavlović, Slavko
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia
Jović, Lidija
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia
Devetaković, Jovana
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3840-6458
Vilotić, Dragica
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia
Container production of forest seedlings needs constant improvement, so in the aim to test the new container type this research was conducted. Quercus robur seedlings were produced in the container made of natron paper and compared with seedlings produced in commonly used container types in Serbia. Q. robur seeds were sown in the first week of November 2020 in a total of 30 containers (10 of each type). After the first growing season in the nursery, on November 2021, seedlings’ morphological parameters (root collar diameter - RCD, height - H, dry weight of shoot (SDW) and root (RDW), seedling dry weight (SLDW), shoot to root ratio (S:R), sturdiness coefficient (SQ), dry weight of lateral roots (LRDW), percent of lateral roots (%LR), Dickson’s quality index (QI), root-bound index (RBI) as RBI-diameter and RBI-volume, and rooting intensity (ROIN)) were compared using one-way ANOVA. Seedlings produced in the new container showed better morphological parameters such as H, SQ, SDW, RDW, SLDW, LRDW, QI and ROIN. Differences of seedlings from different containers were not detected for H, RCD, SQ, SDW, %LR, RBI-diameter, so we can conclude that seedlings produced in the new container type are similar with other container seedlings. Larger volume of these cells indicate use for Quercus species which have strong roots. Results obtained from the nursery promote use of the new container in forest seedlings production and testing at the field.
SPS Reforesta
2022-12-29 22:30:04
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/169
REFORESTA; No. 14 (2022)
eng
Copyright (c) 2022 Ljubica Mijatovic, Slavko Pavlović, Lidija Jović, Jovana Devetaković, Dragica Vilotić
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/172
2024-01-27T14:07:01Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"221229 2022 eng "
2466-4367
dc
The Net benefits of silky oak (Grevillea robusta) for small farmers in Musanze District, Rwanda
Niyomfura, Rene
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:31:"Technische Universität Dresden";}
Kapp, Gerald
Institute of International Forestry and Forest Products, Technische Universität Dreseden (TUD), Germany
Mugunga, Canisius Patrick
Department of Forestry and Nature Conservation, College of Agriculture, Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda (UR), Rwanda
Niyomugabo, Jean de Dieu
Department Rwanda Polytechnic/Integrated Polytechnic Regional College, Krongi, Rwanda
This study was conducted in Musanze district, Rwanda, to evaluate the net benefits of silky oak (Grevillea robusta) production for small farmers. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 100 households distributed in four villages. The cost-benefit ratio was used as a decision-making tool. A diameter tape and a Haga altimeter were used to measure the DBH and height of grevillea and other dominant agroforestry tree species. Results indicate that 66 % of laborers were family members, gaining 625 Rwf per person day with grevillea production (US$ 0.61, with 4-8 hours of work per day. Also, results show that farmers earn 57,950 Rwandan Francs (Rwf) per hectare per year (US$ 57.48 from grevillea products (stakes, poles, charcoal, and timber), whereas the mean investment in grevillea production is 54,200 Rwf ha-1 year-1 (US$ 53.76. The net farm income is 3,225 Rwf (US$ 3.2 ha-1 year-1. The net benefit from grevillea product is affected by poor farmer data record as the majority of67% of respondents has not attended any formal education. However, farmers gain additional benefits of US$ 628, US$ 298, and US$ 224ha-1 year-1 from potatoes, maize, and bean, respectively, depending on their crop choice during intercropping with grevillea. The benefit-cost ratio is 1.06, which highlights the modest profitability of growing grevillea on the farm. In addition, soil erosion control, soil fertility increase, landslide prevention, shade provision, microclimate improvement, and biodiversity conservation were reported as ecosystem services of grevillea on the farm. Growth performance of grevillea (diameter at breast height, tree height, and volume) is analyzed in all four villages. The study shows that growing grevillea is profitable for smallholder farmers via tree products and farm benefits, including ecosystem services aspects.
SPS Reforesta
2022-12-29 22:30:04
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/172
REFORESTA; No. 14 (2022)
eng
Copyright (c) 2022 Rene Niyomfura, Gerald Kapp, Canisius Patrick Mugunga, Jean de Dieu Niyomugabo
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/173
2024-01-27T14:06:56Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"230704 2023 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Variability of morpho-anatomical features of black pine needles at the area of Jastrebac and Goč
Živanović, Kristina
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:7:"Serbian";}
Jokanović, Dušan
In this paper the variability of morphological (needle length and needle width) and anatomical (needle thickness, resin ducts width, epidermis thickness, hypodermis height and number of the hypodermis layers) properties of black pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold) needles were studied at the intra- and inter-population levels. Two mountains in Serbia, Jastrebac and Goč, were selected as experimental plots. Three black pine trees were selected from both localities (6 in total). Obtained results showed that trees on Goč had bigger dimensions of the following elements: needle length, needle width, hypodermis height, number of hypodermis layers, needle thickness and epidermis thickness. On the other hand, only resin ducts width was greater by the trees from Jastrebac. The results of the analysis of variance showed that variation between studied populations, as well as variation between trees within populations was statistically significant for all needle traits except resin ducts width and hypodermis height.
SPS Reforesta
2023-07-04 22:55:58
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/173
REFORESTA; No. 15 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 Kristina Živanović, Dušan Jokanović
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/176
2024-01-27T14:06:46Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"231229 2023 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Responses at the stand and tree level to ice storm injuries in beech forests in eastern Serbia
Kanjevac, Branko
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry
Račić, Miloš
Institute of Forestry, Belgrade
Dobrosavljević, Jovan
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry
Martać, Nikola
Institute of Forestry, Belgrade
The paper presents the study on the condition and structural stability of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands after the 2014 ice storm disturbance. The research was conducted in three pure beech stands on the Rtanj mountain in eastern Serbia. The stand condition after the ice storm was analyzed using changes in taxation elements. The assessment of tree damage was done according to the ICP Forests methodology, while the structural stability of the stands and individual trees was analyzed using the slenderness coefficient. The obtained results indicate very heterogeneous responses of beech stands to the negative impact of the ice storm. Heterogeneity is not only expressed between stands but also within individual stands. The stands after the ice storm are characterized by significantly reduced values of production indicators, but also by satisfactory stability, considering that the trees from the understory suffered the most. Statistically significant differences in the stability of trees of different dimensions expressed through the slenderness coefficient were determined. Consequently, the stands have maintained an appropriate level of stability thanks to the survival and resistance of the dominant trees that are the bearers of functions in these stands (trees with dbh > 40 cm). This indicates the great potential of silvicultural treatments that can increase the stability and resistance of stands in areas with a high risk of such phenomena. In addition, repressive action in the form of salvage logging has a very important role with the aim of ensuring the continuity of stands after damage has occurred.
SPS Reforesta
2023-12-29 11:53:34
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/176
REFORESTA; No. 16 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 Branko Kanjevac, Miloš Račić, Jovan Dobrosavljević, Nikola Martać
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/179
2024-01-27T14:06:41Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"231229 2023 eng "
2466-4367
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Implications of incorrectly determining site index on stand-level management activities and financial returns in older generation loblolly pine plantations
VanderSchaaf, Curtis
Mississippi State University
Predicting future yields normally requires an estimate of site quality. A commonly used measure is site index (SI). SI is often incorrectly quantified operationally due to the ambiguity associated with selecting “site” trees. Plus, error in the measurement of height itself occurs. This study quantifies the impacts on the number and timing of thinnings, and the final harvest ages, as well as financial returns when incorrectly determining SI. Three values of SI (base age 25 years) were examined using two older generation loblolly pine plantation growth and yield simulation models from the Western Gulf, USA; 16.76 m, 21.34 m, and 25.91 m. Firstly, a particular SI was assumed to be the “true” value, growth and yield estimates were obtained, and financial assessments were conducted. The same process was then conducted again, but assuming that the SI was incorrectly determined by varying positively and negatively the SI by up to 1.22 m from the assumed “true” value.
For these older generation plantations, incorrectly determining SI did impact the age of the first thinning by as much as 5 years. In some cases, errors of +/- 1.22 m in SI estimation had little impact on the estimated timing of the first thinning. Errors in SI of up to +/- 1.22 m had little impact on the number of thinnings across economic rotation ages. For both unthinned and twice-thinned stands, final harvest (clearcut) ages differed by as much as 4 years for SI errors up to +/- 1.22 m. These errors led to differences in Land Expectation Value (LEV) up to $406.50 ha-1. Across the three SI (16.76, 21.34, and 25.91 m), differences in LEV ranged from $237.49 to $406.50 ha-1. These differences in LEV could be enough to incorrectly not conduct, or incorrectly conduct, a silvicultural operation such as an herbicide treatment or a fertilization treatment across a rotation, among other treatments.
SPS Reforesta
2023-12-29 11:53:34
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/179
REFORESTA; No. 16 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 Curtis VanderSchaaf
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/180
2024-01-29T22:59:45Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"240129 2024 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Effects of Eucalyptus species on soil physicochemical properties in Ruhande Arboretum, Rwanda
Niyompuhwe, Olivier
Institute of Management, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana (India), 133207 https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8697-8137
Maklouf Jabiro, Charbel
School of Forestry, Biodiversity and Conservation, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda; P. O. Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
Mugunga, Canisius Patrick
School of Forestry, Biodiversity and Conservation, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda; P. O. Box 117, Huye, Rwanda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-6508
This study combines research on soil physical and chemical properties as affected by four Eucalyptus species in Ruhande arboretum. The soil samples for research properties were taken from 0-20 cm depth using auger and one undisturbed core from each sampling unit was taken for the analysis of soil bulk density. Soil bulk density and moisture did not differ significantly between all treatments. Sand proportions differed significantly only between E. tereticornis and E. maidenii whereas silt and clay were non-significant. The soil under Eucalyptus was sandy, with sand proportion ranging from 66.4-71%. Bulk density increased with increasing sand whereas moisture content showed a reverse trend. The soil samples for studying chemical properties were taken as described in Nsabimana et al. 2008. All chemical parameters except base saturation differed significantly between treatments. Soil pH was strongly acidic but rich in total nitrogen and organic carbon which was attributed to higher litter production, its relatively faster rate of decomposition, and greater amount of residues produced by the eucalypts. Carbon/nitrogen ratio, CEC, and BS were high under all treatments while the available phosphorus was lower which was attributed to the low pH. Future studies should test if the species similarly affect the soil or not and confirm if the species increase soil nutrients. Benchmarked study sites should be used to enable differences in the species effects on the site if any.
SPS Reforesta
2023-12-29 11:53:34
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/180
REFORESTA; No. 16 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 Olivier Niyompuhwe, Charbel Maklouf Jabiro, Canisius Patrick Mugunga
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/181
2024-01-27T14:06:34Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"231229 2023 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Assessment of carbon sequestration of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. F.) plantation on the campus of University of Ilorin, Nigeria
Amusa, Tajudeen Okekunle
Department of Forest Resources Management, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
AMINU, Mustapha
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9302-2421
Moshood, Farhan
Department of Forest Production and Products, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
The study assessed the carbon sequestration of Tectona grandis Linn. F. in five age series (11-15 years old), at the University of Ilorin, north-central Nigeria. Data were collected using a stratified sampling technique and twenty square plots of 25 m × 25 m were laid. A non-destructive method was used to determine the biomass of the trees. Tree enumerations were carried out for diameters at the base, top, middle, diameter at breast height (DBH), and height. Soil samples at two different depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) were collected and analyzed to obtain soil organic carbon. The results were summarized using descriptive statistics, while the relationship between tree growth variables and carbon stock was assessed using correlation and regression analysis. The results showed that tree carbon stocks were 230.05 t ha-1, 362.35 t ha-1, 277.48 t ha-1, 216.40 t ha-1, and 126.20 t ha-1 for 11 years old (2012), 12 years old (2011), 13 years old (2010), 14 years old (2009) and 15 years old (2008) age series, respectively. The soil organic carbon stocks were 1.1025 t ha-1, 0.6253 t ha-1, 1.2019 t ha-1, 1.4070 t ha-1 and 0.7615 t ha-1 for 11 years old (2012), 12 years old (2011), 13 years old (2010), 14 years old (2009) and 15 years old (2008) age series, respectively. The study also revealed that the 14-year-old (2009) age series had the highest carbon stock, and the total carbon stock estimate was 151,850.84 t. The potential cash value of the carbon stock was also estimated at $91,894.40 t C ha-1 and the total PCV was $56,606,951.50. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive correlation between most of the growth variables and carbon stock. The regression equation (Y = -596.48 + 27.16 THT + 1238.34 DBH, Adj R2 = 82.7%) showed that DBH and height of trees are suitable for evaluating the carbon stock in the study area.
SPS Reforesta
2023-12-29 11:53:34
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/181
REFORESTA; No. 16 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 Dr. Tajudeen Amusa, Aminu Mustapha, Farhan Moshood
oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/182
2024-01-27T14:06:31Z
REFOR:ART
driver
"231229 2023 eng "
2466-4367
dc
Monitoring of groundwater level fluctuations at flooded area of lowland forests of the Sava River (Serbia)
Nikolić Jokanović, Vesna
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry
Lazović, Andreja
Šoškić, Tihomir
Živanović, Kristina
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry
Lowland pedunculate oak forests in the alluvium of the river Sava are of a great economic and ecological importance. Their growth and development features, and their survival, as well, mostly depend on soil moisture and available water. The paper deals with the influence of groundwater level on pedunculate oak forests condition in flooded area of Donji Srem. During four-year long research, the average (reference) groundwater level was determined, and extremes, the wettest and the driest year, were determined based on climate factors such as temperature and rainfalls. Deviation of the average from the reference groundwater level in the vegetation period during some years indicates possibility of risk zones presence. These zones are defined according to geostatistical analysis – ArcGIS, Kriging model and they are very significant for forestry practice, because they can predict some drought events and warn forestry experts to react in time in order to prevent big damages. Bearing in mind that investigated area is flooded, and that groundwater level is close to the soil surface, these anaerobic site conditions are obviously more suitable for another hygrophilous species than for pedunculate oak.
SPS Reforesta
2023-12-29 11:53:34
application/pdf
https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/182
REFORESTA; No. 16 (2023)
eng
Copyright (c) 2023 Vesna Nikolić Jokanović, Andreja Lazović, Tihomir Šoškić, Kristina Živanović