Afforestation in Bulgaria

Authors

  • Milko Milev University of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
  • Krasimira Petkova University of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
  • Nasko Iliev University of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21750/REFOR.3.12.36

Keywords:

History of Afforestation, Forest Plantation, Erosion Control, Forest Facts, Main Challenges

Abstract

The historical development of afforestations in Bulgaria was investigated. Some of the more important decisions and events which determine the correct state policy in the field of afforestations are pointed out. The most significant achievements are in: erosion control, incl. water tank protection from silting up; increasing the tree volume and forest growth; protection of agriculture via forest protection belts; landscape improving. The social importance for more employment and improvement of means of livelihood is mentioned. Proved reasons for decreasing the afforested areas since 1980s are given. The main mistakes and problems are mentioned as well as the changes in the afforestation policy and future challenges.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Batalov D (2017) Control, protection and defense from fires of forest territories in 2016. Forest (Gora) 3: 14–18. (in Bulgarian).

Dakov M, Dobrinov I, Iliev A, Donov V, Dimitrov S (1980) Increasing forest upper limit. Zemizdat, Sofia, 218 (in Bulgarian).

Executive Forests Agency (EFA) (2016) Annual report of Executive Forest Agency for 2015. ÐœAF, EFA, Sofia, 71 p. (in Bulgarian).

Hansen J, Sato M, Russell G, Kharecha P (2013) Climate sensitivity, sea level and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 371. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0294 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0294

Kostov G (2014) An idea for classification of P. sylvestris and P. nigra plantations according the level of ecosystem correspondence. Gora 9: 19–21. (in Bulgarian).

Milev М, Petkova К, Iliev N. (2015) Forest plantations – Forest seed production. Publishing house of University of Forestry, Sofia, 288 p. (in Bulgarian).

MoAF (Ministry of Agriculture and Food) (2013) National Strategy for the Development of Forest Sector in the Republic of Bulgaria 2013-2020. Available at: http://www.strategy.bg/StrategicDocuments/View.aspx?lang=bg-BG&Id=875

MoAF (Ministry of Agriculture and Food) (2014) Strategic Plan for the Development of the Forest Sector 2014 – 2023. Available at: http://www.iag.bg/data/docs/strategicheski_plan_za_razvitie_na_gsektor.pdf

Némoz-Rajot H, Petrakieva A, Gospodinov B (2015) La Restauration des Terrains en Montagne en Bulgarie: Une greffe française réussie. In: Forêst et Montagne. Paris, L’Harmattan: 257–270.

Nikolov N, Zeller K (2017) New Insights on the Physical Nature of the Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect Deduced from an Empirical Planetary Temperature Model. Environment Pollution and Climate Change 1(2): 112. Available at: https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/New-Insights-on-the-Physical-Nature-of-the-Atmospheric-Greenhouse-Effect-Deduced-from-an-Empirical-Planetary-Temperature-Model.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2573-458X.1000112

Petkova K, Milev M, Bencheva S, Iliev N, Stancheva J, Kalmukov K (2002) Protection belts – a base for agroforestry system. Gora 6: 20–22. (in Bulgarian).

Raev I, Alexandrov V (2011) Chapter III. Determination of the main vulnerability zones of the forests ecosystems in terms of climate changes. In: Raev I, Zhelev P, Grozeva M, Georgiev G, Alexandrov V, Zhiyanski M, Markoff I, Velichkov I, Miteva S. Programme of measures for adaptation of the forests in Republic of Bulgaria and mitigation the negative effect of climate change on them. EU, Interreg IV C, Executive Forestry Agency, Sofia: 73–83. (in Bulgarian).

Raev I, Alexandrov V, Tinchev G (2015) Assessment of drought related climate change impacts on forests in Bulgaria. Silva Balcanica 16(1): 1–24.

Raykov R, Stefanov А, Milev М, Petrova R, Petkova К, Dobrichov I, Poryazov Ya, Yakimov М, Kalmukov К, Broshtilov К, Nalbantov G, Terziyski Т, Stoykov S (2011) Classification scheme of forest site types in Bulgaria. Executive Forest Agency, MAF, 104 p. (in Bulgarian).

Snyder C.W. (2016) Evolution of global temperature over the past two million years. Nature 538: 226–228. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19798 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19798

Vachovski H (2009) To sustainable and economically effective forest economy. Farago, Sofia, 114 Bulgarian).

Vachovski H, Dimitrov S (2003) Forest and forest economy of Bulgaria in ХХ century. Aprokom Ltd, Sofia, 349 p. (in Bulgarian).

Viterito A (2016) The Correlation of Seismic Activity and Recent Global Warming. J. Earth Sci. Clim. Change 7: 345. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000345 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000345

Weber N (ed.) (2000). NEWFOR – New Forest for Europe: Afforistation at the Turn of the Century. Proceedings of the Scientific Symposium. February 16th–17th, Freiburg, Germany. European Forest Institut Proceedings No 35, 248 p. Available at: http://www.efi.int/files/attachments/publications/proc35_net.pdf

Yankov J (2010) The Global Lying. E-knigi, Sofia. 100 p. (in Bulgarian). Available at: http://www.bulgari-istoria-2010.com/booksBG/J_Jankov_Globalnata_luzha.pdf

Zahariev B (1977) Forest plantations. Zemizdat, Sofia. 484 p. (in Bulgarian).

Zahariev B, Duhovnikov Y, Iliev A, Biolchev A, Enchev E, Vlasev V, Zashev B, Donov V, Ganchev G, Kalinkov V, Kitin B, Iliev S, Tsanova P, Damyanov A (1977) Afforestation work in Bulgaria. Zemizdat, Sofia, 151 p. (in Bulgarian).

Downloads

Published

2017-07-01

Issue

Section

Review articles

How to Cite

“Afforestation in Bulgaria”. REFORESTA, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 143–154. Accessed November 2, 2024. https://journal.reforestationchallenges.org/index.php/REFOR/article/view/60.