Abod, S. A., & Sandi, S. (1983). Effect of restricted watering and its combination with root pruning on root growth capacity, water status and food reserves ofPinus caribaea var.hondurensis seedlings. Plant and Soil, 71(1–3), 123–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02182647
AD, B., & JW, K. (1996). Stock quality and field performance of Pinus patula seedlings produced under two nursery growing regimes during seven different nursery production periods. New For, 13, 337–352.
ADAMS, A. J. S. (1951). THE FOREST NURSERY FOR PINUS RADIATA AT MT BURR IN THE SOUTH-EAST OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Australian Forestry, 15(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1951.10675797
Aldhous, J., & Mason, W. (1994). Forest Nursery Practice. 268.
Allison, C. (1972). Freeze-damage control in forest nurseries. 22, 77–82.
Ameye, M., Wertin, T. M., Bauweraerts, I., McGuire, M. A., Teskey, R. O., & Steppe, K. (2012). The effect of induced heat waves on <scp>P</scp>inus taeda and <scp>Q</scp>uercus rubra seedlings in ambient and elevated <scp>CO</scp>2 atmospheres. New Phytologist, 196(2), 448–461. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04267.x
Ávila-Angulo, M. L., Aldrete, A., Vargas-Hernández, J. J., Gómez-Guerrero, A., González-Hernández, V. A., & Velázquez-Martínez, A. (n.d.). Endurecimiento de plántulas de Pinus oaxacana Mirov con manejo del riego en vivero. Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y Del Ambiente, 23(2), 221–229. https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2016.05.029
Balneaves, J. M., & Menzies, M. I. (1990). Water potential and subsequent growth of Pinus radiata seedlings: influence of lifting, packaging, and storage conditions. NZJ For Sci, 20(3), 257–267.
Barnard, E. (1990). Groundline heat lesions on tree seedlings. 338, 2.
Barnard, E. (1997). Diseases of seedlings in forest tree nurseries in Florida: history and status. 13–21.
Barnard, E., & Gilly, S. (1986). Charcoal root rot of pines. Plant Pathology Circular, 290, 4 p.
Barnard, E., Gilly, S., & Ash, E. (1994). Tree Planters’ Notes, 45(3), 91–95.
Bates, C. G., & Pierce, R. G. (1913). Forestation of the sand hills of Nebraska and Kansas /. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.66397
Bates, C. G., & Roeser, Jacob. (1924). Relative resistance of tree seedlings to excessive heat /. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64785
Bauweraerts, I., Ameye, M., Wertin, T. M., McGuire, M. A., Teskey, R. O., & Steppe, K. (2014). Water availability is the decisive factor for the growth of two tree species in the occurrence of consecutive heat waves. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 189–190, 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.01.001
Beon, M.-S., & Bartsch, N. (2003). Early seedling growth of pine (Pinus densiflora) and oaks (Quercus serrata, Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis) in response to light intensity and soil moisture. Plant Ecology, 167(1), 97–105. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023989813567
Biel, C., Savé, R., Habrouk, A., Espelta, J. M., & Retana, J. (2004). Effects of Restricted Watering and CO2 Enrichment in the Morphology and Performance after Transplanting of Nursery-grown Pinus nigra Seedlings. HortScience, 39(3), 535–540. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.39.3.535
BIGGIN, P. (1983). Tunnel Cloches-Development of a Nursery Technique for Growing Conifers. Forestry, 56(1), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/56.1.45
Blake, T. J., & Li, J. (2003). Hydraulic adjustment in jack pine and black spruce seedlings under controlled cycles of dehydration and rehydration. Physiologia Plantarum, 117(4), 532–539. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.00059.x
Bogawski, P., & Bednorz, E. (2014). Comparison and Validation of Selected Evapotranspiration Models for Conditions in Poland (Central Europe). Water Resources Management, 28(14), 5021–5038. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0787-8
Boyer, J. N., & South, D. B. (1984). Forest Nursery Practices in the South. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, 8(2), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/8.2.67
Boyer, J. N., & South, D. B. (1988). Date of sowing and emergence timing affect growth and development of loblolly pine seedlings. New Forests, 2(4), 231–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00027939
Boyer, J., & South, D. (1984). In Tree Planters’ Notes (Vol. 35, Issue 3, pp. 15–18).
Brewster, D., & Larsen, J. (1925). Studies in western yellow pine nursery practice. Journal of Agricultural Research, 31(12), 1101–1120.
Brissette, J., & Tiarks, A. (1991). Nitrogen fertilization affects the partitioning of dry matter growth between shoots and roots of loblolly pine nursery stock. GTR SE-70, 108–117.
Bristow, K. (1988). The role of mulch and its architecture in modifying soil temperature. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 26(2), 269–280. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR9880269
Brix, H. (1960). Determination of Viability of Loblolly Pine Seedlings after Wilting. Botanical Gazette, 121(4), 220–223. https://doi.org/10.1086/336073
Buchanan, G. (1969). Herbicides and their effectiveness on grasses. 55–64.
Burnside, O. C., & Colville, W. L. (1964). Soybean and Weed Yields as Affected by Irrigation, Row Spacing, Tillage, and Amiben. Weeds, 12(2), 109. https://doi.org/10.2307/4040607
Carlson, C. A., Allan, R., & Morris, A. R. (2004). Effects of temperature onPinus patulaseedlings growing in pots in a controlled environment. The Southern African Forestry Journal, 200(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/20702620.2004.10431758
Carlson, W. C. (1986). Root System Considerations in the Quality of Loblolly Pine Seedlings. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, 10(2), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/10.2.87
Cawse, J. C. L., & Martyn, M. G. (1981). Ngodwana Open-root Nursery Operations Schedule as at 14.08.79. South African Forestry Journal, 117(1), 45–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1981.9630027
Chieppa, J., Eckhardt, L., & Chappelka, A. (n.d.). Simulated Summer Rainfall Variability Effects on Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Seedling Physiology and Susceptibility to Root-Infecting Ophiostomatoid Fungi. Forests, 8(4), 104. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8040104
Choat, B., Brodersen, C. R., & McElrone, A. J. (2015). Synchrotron X‐ray microtomography of xylem embolism in Sequoia sempervirens saplings during cycles of drought and recovery. New Phytologist, 205(3), 1095–1105. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13110
Choat, B., Nolf, M., Lopez, R., Peters, J. M. R., Carins-Murphy, M. R., Creek, D., & Brodribb, T. J. (2019). Non-invasive imaging shows no evidence of embolism repair after drought in tree species of two genera. Tree Physiology, 39(1), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpy093
Chung, H.-H., & Kramer, P. J. (1975). Absorption of Water and 32P through Suberized and Unsuberized Roots of Loblolly Pine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 5(2), 229–235. https://doi.org/10.1139/x75-031
Clements, J. R. (1970). Shoot responses of young red pine to watering applied over two seasons. Canadian Journal of Botany, 48(1), 75–80. https://doi.org/10.1139/b70-009
Davey, C. B., McNabb, K., & Pike, K. (2019). The management of seedling nutrition (pp. 75–87). USDA Forest Service.
Davis, A. S., Aghai, M. M., Pinto, J. R., & Apostol, K. G. (2011). Growth, Gas Exchange, Foliar Nitrogen Content, and Water Use of Subirrigated and Overhead-irrigated Populus tremuloides Michx. Seedlings. HortScience, 46(9), 1249–1253. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.46.9.1249
Davis, W., Wright, & Hartley. (1942). Diseases of forest-tree nursery stock. 159 p.
Day, R. J. (1984). Water Management. In Forestry Sciences (pp. 93–105). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6110-4_11
Dierauf, T., & Chandler, L. (1991). A three-year loblolly pine seedbed irrigation study. 12.
Driessche, R. van den. (1991). Influence of container nursery regimes on drought resistance of seedlings following planting. I. Survival and growth. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 21(5), 555–565. https://doi.org/10.1139/x91-077
Driessche, R. van den. (1992). Changes in drought resistance and root growth capacity of container seedlings in response to nursery drought, nitrogen, and potassium treatments. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 22(5), 740–749. https://doi.org/10.1139/x92-100
Dumroese, R. K., Page-Dumroese, D. S., & Brown, R. E. (2011). Allometry, nitrogen status, and carbon stable isotope composition ofPinus ponderosaseedlings in two growing media with contrasting nursery irrigation regimes. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 41(5), 1091–1101. https://doi.org/10.1139/x11-017
Dumroese, R. Kasten., & Landis, T. D. (1995). National proceedings : forest and conservation nursery associations /. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.99309
Dumroese, R. Kasten., Pinto, J. R., Jacobs, D. F., Davis, A. S., & Horiuchi, Baron. (2006). Subirrigation Reduces Water Use, Nitrogen Loss, and Moss Growth in a Container Nursery. Native Plants Journal, 7(3), 253–261. https://doi.org/10.1353/npj.2007.0004
Dunlap, L. J., Pinto, J. R., & Davis, A. S. (2018). Effects of Fertilizer on Media Chemistry and Red-flowering Currant Seedling Growth Using a Subirrigation System. HortScience, 53(12), 1862–1871. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13444-18
Engstrom, H. E., & Stoeckeler, J. H. (1941). Nursery practice for trees and shrubs suitable for planting on the prairie-plains /. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.65705
FAULKNER, R. (1952). NOTES ON NURSERY IRRIGATION AND ON CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL PRACTICES IN THE U.S.A. AND CANADA. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 25(2), 126–134. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.forestry.a063050
Ferrarezi, R. S., & Testezlaf, R. (2017). Automated ebb-and-flow subirrigation for citrus liners production. II. Pests, diseases and nutrient concentration. Agricultural Water Management, 192, 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.06.017
Ferrarezi, R. S., Weaver, G. M., van Iersel, M. W., & Testezlaf, R. (2015). Subirrigation: Historical Overview, Challenges, and Future Prospects. HortTechnology, 25(3), 262–276. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.25.3.262
Flinn, D. W., Homans, P., & Craig, F. G. (1980). Survey of the nutrient status ofPinus radiataseedlings and of soil properties in three Victorian nurseries. Australian Forestry, 43(1), 58–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.1980.10674246
Foster, M. A., & Coffelt, T. A. (2005). Guayule agronomics: establishment, irrigated production, and weed control. Industrial Crops and Products, 22(1), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.06.006
G, G. (1979). A portable irrigation system for remote sites. RM 374, 2.
Gillman, L., & James, R. (1980). Fungicidal tolerance of Botrytis within Colorado greenhouses. Tree Planters’ Notes, 31(1), 25–28.
Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020: Main report. (2020).
Greene, T. A., & Danley, S. T. (2001). Hand-Lifting Improves Field Performance of Loblolly Pine Seedlings. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, 25(3), 131–135. https://doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/25.3.131
Grossnickle, S. (n.d.). Application of a PhotoThermal model for container-grown conifer seedling production. REFORESTA, 8, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.21750/REFOR.8.01.71
Grossnickle, S. C. (2012). Why seedlings survive: influence of plant attributes. New Forests, 43(5–6), 711–738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-012-9336-6
Grossnickle, S., Kiiskila, S., & Haase, D. (2020). Tree Planters’ Notes, 63(2), 112–127.
Guehl, J. M., Clement, A., Kaushal, P., & Aussenac, G. (1993). Planting stress, water status and non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in Corsican pine seedlings. Tree Physiology, 12(2), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/12.2.173
Haase, D., Pike, C., Enebak, S., Mackey, L., Ma, Z., & Rathjen, M. (2019). Tree Planters’ Notes, 62(1–2), 20–24.
Hart, J., O’Keefe, K., Augustine, S. P., & McCulloh, K. A. (2020). Physiological responses of germinant Pinus palustris and P. taeda seedlings to water stress and the significance of the grass-stage. Forest Ecology and Management, 458, 117647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117647
Heiskanen, J. (1993). Favourable water and aeration conditions for growth media used in containerized tree seedling production: A review. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 8(1–4), 337–358. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827589309382782
Heiskanen, J. (1995). Irrigation regime affects water and aeration conditions in peat growth medium and the growth of containerized Scots pine seedings. New Forests, 9(3), 181–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00035486
Helgerson, O. T. (1990a). Heat damage in tree seedlings and its prevention. New Forests, 3(4), 333–358. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00030044
Helgerson, O. T. (1990b). Heat damage in tree seedlings and its prevention. New Forests, 3(4), 333–358. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00030044
Hennessey, T. C., & Dougherty, P. M. (1984). Characterization of the Internal Water Relations of Loblolly Pine Seedlings in Response to Nursery Cultural Treatments: Implications for Reforestation Success. In Forestry Sciences (pp. 225–243). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6137-1_10
Hipps, N. A., Hipps, K. H., & Collard, L. G. (1997). Effects of root wrenching and irrigation rate on the growth and water relations ofCastanea sativaandQuercus roburseedlings in the nursery and after outplanting. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 27(2), 180–188. https://doi.org/10.1139/x96-175
Hubbel, K. (2015). Improved forest tree seedling production guidelines for Haiti (p. 58).
Ingram, D. L., Hall, C. R., & Knight, J. (2016). Carbon Footprint and Variable Costs of Production Components for a Container-grown Evergreen Shrub Using Life Cycle Assessment: An East Coast U.S. Model. HortScience, 51(8), 989–994. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.51.8.989
Irrigation guide. (1997).
Jackson, D. (2011). Pine bark mulch increases seed efficiency of loblolly pine in a pendimethalin trial. 8 p.
Johnson, H. H. (1960). Effect of irrigation, fertilization, and plant density on growth and chemical composition of slash pine seedlings (p. 53).
Jones, N. B., Ford, C. M., Light, M. E., Nadel, R. L., Greyling, I., Fourie, G., Wingfield, M. J., & Morris, A. R. (2014). Effect on nursery and field performance of Pinus patula seedlings after inoculation with Fusarium circinatum. Southern Forests: A Journal of Forest Science, 76(3), 125–136. https://doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2014.916503
Juntunen, M.-L., & Rikala, R. (2001). Fertilization practice in Finnish forest nurseries from the standpoint of environmental impact. New Forests, 21(2), 141–158. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011837800185
Juzwik, J., Gust, K. M., & Allmaras, R. R. (1999). Influence of cultural practices on edaphic factors related to root disease in Pinus nursery seedlings. Plant and Soil, 207(2), 195–208. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026441014147
Kainer, K. A., & Duryea, M. L. (1990). Root wrenching and lifting date of slash pine: Effects on morphology, survival, and growth. New Forests, 4(3), 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00118878
Kaushal, P., & Aussenac, G. (1989). Transplanting shock in Corsican pine and Cedar of Atlas seedlings: Internal water deficits, growth and root regeneration. Forest Ecology and Management, 27(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(89)90080-7
Kildisheva, O. A., Aghai, M. M., Bouazza, K., & Davis, A. S. (2017). Improving restoration success through research-driven initiatives: case studies targeting Pinus pinea reforestation stock development in Lebanon. Plant Ecology, 218(1), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-016-0632-7
Kissee KK, Newton RJ, & Carroll L. (1985). 311–316.
Klimek, A., Rolbiecki, S., Rolbiecki, R., Hilszczañska, D., & Malczyk, P. (2008). Impact of chosen bare root nursery practices in Scots pine seedling quality and soil mites (Acari). Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 17(2), 247–255.
Knox, G. W. (1989). Water Use and Average Growth Index of Five Species of Container Grown Woody Landscape Plants. Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 7(4), 136–139. https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-7.4.136
Kolb, P. F., & Robberecht, R. (1996). High temperature and drought stress effects on survival of Pinus ponderosa seedlings. Tree Physiology, 16(8), 665–672. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/16.8.665
Kulac, S., Turna, I., Cicek, E., Sağlam, A., & Taşdemir, Ü. (2015). Early field performance of drought-stressed scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings. Pak J Bot, 47, 1317–1324.
LAMAR, R. T., & DAVEY, C. B. (1988). Comparative effectivity of three Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh, vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a high‐phosphorus nursery soil. New Phytologist, 109(2), 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1988.tb03706.x
Lamhamedi, M. S., Labbé, L., Margolis, H. A., Stowe, D. C., Blais, L., & Renaud, M. (2006). Spatial Variability of Substrate Water Content and Growth of White Spruce Seedlings. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70(1), 108–120. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0109
Landhäusser, S. M., Pinno, B. D., Lieffers, V. J., & Chow, P. S. (2012). Partitioning of carbon allocation to reserves or growth determines future performance of aspen seedlings. Forest Ecology and Management, 275, 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.03.010
Landis, T. D. (2006). Forest Nursery Notes, 26(3), 14–15.
Landis, T. D. (2015). Frost protection with irrigation: taking another look. Forest Nursery Notes, 35(1–2), 4–11.
Landis, T., Tinus, R., McDonald, S., & Barnett, J. (1989). Seedling nutrition and irrigation, Volume 4. 119.
Landis, T., & Wilkinson, K. (2004). Forest Nursery Notes, 24(2), 14–17.
Lavender, D., & Cleary, B. (1974). Coniferous seedling production techniques to improve seedlings establishment. Publication 68, 177–180.
Lavender, D. P. (1984). Plant Physiology and Nursery Environment: Interactions Affecting Seedling Growth. In Forestry Sciences (pp. 133–141). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6110-4_14
Lilja, A., Heiskanen, J., & Heinonen, R. (1998). Effects of irrigation on uninucleate Rhizoctonia on nursery seedlings of Pinus syivestris and Picea abies grown in peat growth medium. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 13(1–4), 184–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827589809382975
Luoranen, J. (n.d.-a). Autumn versus spring planting: the initiation of root growth and subsequent field performance of Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings. Silva Fennica, 52(2). https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.7813
Luoranen, J. (n.d.-b). Autumn versus spring planting: the initiation of root growth and subsequent field performance of Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings. Silva Fennica, 52(2). https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.7813
Luoranen, J., & Rikala, R. (2013a). Field performance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings planted in disc trenched or mounded sites over an extended planting season. New Forests, 44(2), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-012-9307-y
Luoranen, J., & Rikala, R. (2013b). Field performance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings planted in disc trenched or mounded sites over an extended planting season. New Forests, 44(2), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-012-9307-y
Machado, P. da S., Alfenas, A. C., Coutinho, M. M., Silva, C. M., Mounteer, A. H., Maffia, L. A., de Freitas, R. G., & Freitas, C. da S. (2013a). Eradication of Plant Pathogens in Forest Nursery Irrigation Water. Plant Disease, 97(6), 780–788. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-12-0721-RE
Machado, P. da S., Alfenas, A. C., Coutinho, M. M., Silva, C. M., Mounteer, A. H., Maffia, L. A., de Freitas, R. G., & Freitas, C. da S. (2013b). Eradication of Plant Pathogens in Forest Nursery Irrigation Water. Plant Disease, 97(6), 780–788. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-12-0721-RE
Madrid-Aispuro, R. E., Prieto-Ruíz, J. Á., Aldrete, A., Hernández-Díaz, J. C., Wehenkel, C., Chávez-Simental, J. A., & Mexal, J. G. (n.d.). Alternative Substrates and Fertilization Doses in the Production of Pinus cembroides Zucc. in Nursery. Forests, 11(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11010071
May, J. (1984). 1101–1119.
May, J., Johnson, H., & Walsh, C. (1961). Growth of pine seedlings in relation to soil moisture in nursery beds. 5, 6.
McDonald, S. E. (1984). Irrigation in Forest-Tree Nurseries: Monitoring and Effects on Seedling Growth. In Forestry Sciences (pp. 107–121). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6110-4_12
McDonald, S. E., & Running, S. W. (1979). Monitoring irrigation in western forest tree nurseries. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.99763
McGrath, D. A., & Duryea, M. L. (1994). Initial moisture stress, budbreak and two-year field performance of three morphological grades of slash pine seedlings. New Forests, 8(4), 335–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00036733
McNabb, K. (1985). The relationship of carbohydrate reserves to the quality of bare-root Pinus elliottii var. elliottii(Engelm.) seedlings produced in a northern Florida nursery (p. 146).
Meier, C. E., Newton, R. J., Puryear, J. D., & Sen, S. (1992). Physiological Responses of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Seedlings to Drought Stress: Osmotic Adjustment and Tissue Elasticity. Journal of Plant Physiology, 140(6), 754–760. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(11)81034-5
Mena-Petite, A., Ortega-Lasuen, U., González-Moro, M. B., Lacuesta, M., & Muñoz-Rueda, A. (2001). Storage duration and temperature effect on the functional integrity of container and bare-root Pinus radiata D. Don stock-types. Trees, 15(5), 289–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004680100104
Menzies, M., & Holden, D. (1981). Seasonal frost-tolerance of Pinus radiata, Pinus muricate and Pseudotsuga menziesii. NZJ For Sci, 11(2), 92–99.
Menzies, M. I., Holden, D. G., & Klomp, B. K. (2001). Recent trends in nursery practice in New Zealand. New Forests, 22(1–2), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012027013173
Mexal, J. (2011). The role of plant water relations in achieving and maintaining the target seedling. RMRS-P-65, 98–109.
Mexal, J. G., Timmis, R., & Morris, W. G. (1979). Cold-Hardiness of Containerized Loblolly Pine Seedlings: Its Effect on Field Survival and Growth. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, 3(1), 15–19. https://doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/3.1.15
Meza, S. E. E., Ivković, M., Arce, M. A. Y., Díaz, C. R. M., Moya, R. E. S., & Ariza, A. M. C. (n.d.). Growth of radiata pine families in nursery and two years after field establishment. Scientia Agricola, 77(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2018-0159
MI, M., JC, V. D., & JM, B. (1985). 384–415.
Mikola, P. (n.d.). Comparative observations on the nursery technique in different parts of the world. Acta Forestalia Fennica, 0(98). https://doi.org/10.14214/aff.7608
Miller, B. D., & Timmer, V. R. (1994). Steady-state nutrition of Pinus resinosa seedlings: response to nutrient loading, irrigation and hardening regimes. Tree Physiology, 14(12), 1327–1338. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/14.12.1327
Mills, W., & South, D. (1984). Production costs in southern bareroot nurseries. Tree Planters’ Notes, 35(3), 19–22.
Minore, Don. (1970). Seedling growth of eight Northwestern tree species over three water tables /. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.70713
Morris, W., & Greenwood, M. (1977). Control of nursery seedling growth and development: controlled water stress versus wrenching. 4.
Moser, B., Kipfer, T., Richter, S., Egli, S., & Wohlgemuth, T. (2015). Drought resistance of Pinus sylvestris seedlings conferred by plastic root architecture rather than ectomycorrhizal colonisation. Annals of Forest Science, 72(3), 303–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-014-0380-6
Munnecke, D. E. (1982). Effects of Moisture, Chloropicrin, and Methyl Bromide Singly and in Mixtures on Sclerotia ofSclerotium rolfsiiandVerticillium albo-atrum. Phytopathology, 72(9), 1235. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-72-1235
&NA; (1986). INDEX. Southern Medical Journal, 79(Supplement), 75–77. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-198602001-00027
Nakayama, F. S., Bucks, D. A., Roth, R. L., & Gardner, B. R. (1991). Guayule biomass production under irrigation. Bioresource Technology, 35(2), 173–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(91)90026-G
Nuri, Ö. (2008). The comparisons between root collar diameter and height growth of black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings in Bolu Forest Nursery. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 2(1), 7–12.
Oleskog, G., & Sahlén, K. (2000). Effects of Seedbed Substrate on Moisture Conditions and Germination of Pinus sylvestris Seeds in a Clearcut. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 15(2), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/028275800750015046
Pessin, L. J. (1938). EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE ON THE RATE OF GROWTH OF LONGLEAF AND SLASH PINE SEEDLINGS. Plant Physiology, 13(1), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.13.1.179
Peterson, J. (1994). Needleless shoots and loss of apical dominance in greenhouse-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) (p. 96).
Peterson, J. (1997). Growing environment and container type influence field performance of black spruce container stock. New Forests, 13(1–3), 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006598611412
Pinto, J. R., Dumroese, R. K., & Cobos, D. R. (2009). Effects of irrigation frequency and grit color on the germination of lodgepole pine seeds. RMRS-P-58, 52–57.
Pitton, B. J. L., Hall, C. R., Haver, D. L., White, S. A., & Oki, L. R. (2018). A cost analysis for using recycled irrigation runoff water in container nursery production: a Southern California nursery case study. Irrigation Science, 36(4–5), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-018-0578-8
Prévost, M., Stein, J., & Plamondon, A. P. (1989). Water balance and irrigation planning in a forest tree nursery. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 19(5), 575–579. https://doi.org/10.1139/x89-090
Prieto, R., Domínguez Calleros, P., NávarChaidez, J., & Cornejo Oviedo, E. (2004). Revista Chapingo. Serie Ciencias Forestales y Del Ambiente, 10(1), 63–70.
Repo, T., Heiskanen, J., Sutinen, M.-L., Sutinen, R., & Lehto, T. (2017). The responses of Scots pine seedlings to waterlogging in a fine-textured till soil. New Forests, 48(1), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-016-9555-3
Retzlaff, W. A., Miller, A. E., & Allen, R. M. (1990). Comparison of container-grown Pinus taeda L. seedlings raised outdoors and in a growth chamber in sunlight. New Forests, 4(3), 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00118879
Retzlaff, W., & South, D. (1984). High soil moisture levels in the nursery can adversely affect loblolly pine seedling morphology. 158–167.
Retzlaff, W., & South, D. (1985). A simple method for determining a partial soil water retention curve. Tree Planters’ Notes, 36(4), 20–23.
Ribeiro, M. D., Ferrarezi, R. S., & Testezlaf, R. (2014). Assessment of Subirrigation Performance in Eucalyptus Seedling Production. HortTechnology, 24(2), 231–237. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.24.2.231
RIKALA, R., & REPO, T. (1997). The effect of late summer fertilization on the frost hardening of second-year Scots pine seedlings. New Forests, 14(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006505919556
Riley, L. E., & Steinfeld, D. (2005). Effects of bareroot nursery practices on tree seedling root development: an evolution of cultural practices at J. Herbert Stone nursery. New Forests, 30(2–3), 107–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-005-1379-5
Robakowski, P., Wyka, T. P., Kowalkowski, W., Barzdajn, W., Pers-Kamczyc, E., Jankowski, A., & Politycka, B. (n.d.). Practical Implications of Different Phenotypic and Molecular Responses of Evergreen Conifer and Broadleaf Deciduous Forest Tree Species to Regulated Water Deficit in a Container Nursery. Forests, 11(9), 1011. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11091011
Rose, R., Gleason, J., Atkinson, M., & Sabin, T. (1991). Grading Ponderosa Pine Seedlings for Outplanting According to their Root Volume1. Western Journal of Applied Forestry, 6(1), 11–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/6.1.11
Rose, R., & Haase, D. L. (1996). Irrigation for Frost Protection in Forest Nurseries: Room for Improvement. Western Journal of Applied Forestry, 11(1), 16–19. https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/11.1.16
Rose, R., Haase, D. L., Kroiher, F., & Sabin, T. (1997). Root Volume and Growth of Ponderosa Pine and Douglas-Fir Seedlings: A Summary of Eight Growing Seasons. Western Journal of Applied Forestry, 12(3), 69–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/12.3.69
Roth, L., & Riker, A. (1943). Journal of Agricultural Research, 67(7), 273–293.
Royo, A., Gil, L., & Pardos, J. A. (2001). Effect of water stress conditioning on morphology, physiology and field performance of Pinus halepensis Mill. seedlings. New Forests, 21(2), 127–140. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011892732084
Ruehle, J. L., Marx, D. H., Barnett, J. P., & Pawuk, W. H. (1981). Survival and Growth of Container-Grown and Bare-Root Shortleaf Pine Seedlings with
Pisolithus and
Thelephora Ectomycorrhizae. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, 5(1), 20–24. https://doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/5.1.20
Sadeghi, S.-H., Peters, T., Shafii, B., Amini, M. Z., & Stöckle, C. (2017). Continuous variation of wind drift and evaporation losses under a linear move irrigation system. Agricultural Water Management, 182, 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.12.009
Salerno, M. I., Lori, G. A., Giménez, D. O., Giménez, J. E., & Beltrano, J. (2000). Use of soil solarization to improve growth of eucalyptus forest nursery seedlings in Argentina. New Forests, 20(3), 235–248. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006779308611
Sammis, T. W., & Wu, I. P. (1986). Fresh market tomato yields as affected by deficit irrigation using a micro-irrigation system. Agricultural Water Management, 12(1–2), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(86)90010-7
Savory, P. (2005). Sprinkler uniformity in greenhouses and nurseries. International Plant Propagators’ Society, 55, 206–207.
Schmal, J. L., Dumroese, R. K., Davis, A. S., Pinto, J. R., & Jacobs, D. F. (2011). Subirrigation for production of native plants in nurseries--concepts, current knowledge, and implementation. Native Plants Journal, 12(2), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.12.2.81
Schooler, J. (2011). Unpublished results hide the decline effect. Nature, 470(7335), 437–437. https://doi.org/10.1038/470437a
Schultz, L., & Stoleson, R. (1967). A precision sprinkler for soil moisture studies. Tree Planters’ Notes, 18(1), 15–17.
Semerci, A., Semerci, H., Çalişkan, B., Çiçek, N., Ekmekçi, Y., & Mencuccini, M. (2017). Morphological and physiological responses to drought stress of European provenances of Scots pine. European Journal of Forest Research, 136(1), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-016-1011-6
Shi, W., Grossnickle, S. C., Li, G., Su, S., & Liu, Y. (2019). Fertilization and irrigation regimes influence on seedling attributes and field performance ofPinus tabuliformisCarr. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 92(1), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpy035
Shirley, H., & Meuli, L. (1939). Jour Agr Res, 59, 1–21.
Skilling, D. D., & Slayton, S. H. (1970). Winter injury by ice and snow to red pine nursery. Tree Planters’ Notes, 21(1), 29–30.
Sloan, J. P. (1992). Effects of nursery fertilizer and irrigation on ponderosa and lodgepole pine seedling size /. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.79478
Smit, J., & van den Driessche, R. (1992). Root growth and water use efficiency of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) seedlings. Tree Physiology, 11(4), 401–410. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/11.4.401
Snyder RL, & Melo-Abreu JD. (2005a). Frost protection: fundamentals, practice and economics. Volume 1, 240.
South, D. (2007). Freeze injury to roots of southern pine seedlings in the USA. Southern Hemisphere Forestry Journal, 69(3), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.2989/SHFJ.2007.69.3.3.353
South, D. B. (1986). Economics of Seed Efficiency. Journal of Forestry, 84(3), 32–35. https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/84.3.32
South, D. B. (1987a). Economic Aspects of Nursery Seed Efficiency. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, 11(2), 106–109. https://doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/11.2.106
South, D. B. (1987b). Economic Aspects of Nursery Seed Efficiency. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, 11(2), 106–109. https://doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/11.2.106
South, D. B., Harris, S. W., Barnett, J. P., Hainds, M. J., & Gjerstad, D. H. (2005). Effect of container type and seedling size on survival and early height growth of Pinus palustris seedlings in Alabama, U.S.A. Forest Ecology and Management, 204(2–3), 385–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.09.016
South, D. B., & Mitchell, R. J. (1999). Determining the “optimum” slash pine seedling size for use with four levels of vegetation management on a flatwoods site in Georgia, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 29(7), 1039–1046. https://doi.org/10.1139/x99-048
South, D. B., Starkey, T. E., & Enebak, S. A. (n.d.). Forest Nursery Practices in the Southern United States. REFORESTA, 1, 106–146. https://doi.org/10.21750/REFOR.1.07.7
South, D. B., Williams, H. M., & Webb, A. (1988). Should Fall Irrigation be Applied at Nurseries Located on Sands? Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, 12(4), 273–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/12.4.273
South, D., & Carey, W. (1999). 63–64.
South, D., Nadal, R., Enebak, S., & Bickerstaff, G. (2018). The nutrition of loblolly pine seedlings exhibits both positive (soil) and negative (foliage) correlations with seedling mass. Tree Planters’ Notes, 61(2), 5–17.
South, D., & Starkey, T. (2010). Too much rain can reduce survival of container-grown pine seedlings. NZJ For, 55(3), 16–19.
South, D., Williams, H., & Webb, A. (1989). Costs and benefits from fall irrigation at a sandy loblolly pine nursery. Applied Agricultural Research, 4(4), 275–279.
St John. (2018). Addressing seedling production challenges for Hispaniolanpine and snowberry (p. 115).
Stanosz, G. R., Blodgett, J. T., Smith, D. R., & Kruger, E. L. (2001). Water stress and Sphaeropsissapinea as a latent pathogen of red pine seedlings. New Phytologist, 149(3), 531–538. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00052.x
Starkey, T. E., & Enebak, S. A. (2016). Seedling quality and root architecture of loblolly and longleaf pine container seedlings (p. 24).
Starkey, T., & Enebak, S. (2012). Control of Rhizoctonia foliar blight in forest seedling nurseries: a 3-year study. 15 p.
Starkey, T., Enebak, S., & South, D. (2015). Tree Planters’ Notes, 58(1), 4–17.
Stewart-Wade, S. M. (2011). Plant pathogens in recycled irrigation water in commercial plant nurseries and greenhouses: their detection and management. Irrigation Science, 29(4), 267–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-011-0285-1
Stoeckeler, J. H., & Aamodt, E. (1940). USE OF TENSIOMETERS IN REGULATING WATERING IN FOREST NURSERIES. Plant Physiology, 15(4), 589–607. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.15.4.589
Stoeckeler, J., & Jones, G. (n.d.). 124.
Stowe, D. C., Lamhamedi, M. S., Carles, S., Fecteau, B., Margolis, H. A., Renaud, M., & Bernier, P. Y. (2010). Managing irrigation to reduce nutrient leaching in containerized white spruce seedling production. New Forests, 40(2), 185–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-010-9193-0
Suckling, P. W. (1986). FLUCTUATIONS OF LAST SPRING-FREEZE DATES IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES. Physical Geography, 7(3), 239–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.1986.10642294
Sudworth, G. B. (1900). The forest nursery collection of tree seeds and propagation ofseedlings /. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.110504
Sung, S. S., Black, C. C., Kormanik, T. L., Zarnoch, S. J., Kormanik, P. P., & Counce, P. A. (1997). Fall nitrogen fertilization and the biology of Pinus taeda seedling development. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 27(9), 1406–1412. https://doi.org/10.1139/x97-112
Sword, M., Tinus, R., & Barnett, J. (1999). Evaluating the cold hardiness of containerized grown longleaf pine seedlings. 50–52.
Thompson, B. E. (1984). Establishing a Vigorous Nursery Crop: Bed Preparation, Seed Sowing, and Early Seedling Growth. In Forestry Sciences (pp. 41–49). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6110-4_5
Tillotson, C. R. (1917). Nursery practice on the national forests /. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.108334
Timmer, V. R., & Armstrong, G. (1989). Growth and nutrition of containerized Pinus Resinosa seedlings at varying moisture regimes. New Forests, 3(2), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00021580
Timmer, V. R., & Miller, B. D. (1991). Effects of contrasting fertilization and moisture regimes on biomass, nutrients, and water relations of container grown red pine seedlings. New Forests, 5(4), 335–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00118861
Tinus, R., & McDonald, S. (1979). How to grow seedlings in containers in greenhouses. 256.
Tinus, R. W. (1996). Root growth potential as an indicator of drought stress history. Tree Physiology, 16(9), 795–799. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/16.9.795
Toumey, J., & Korstian, C. (1942). Seeding and planting in the practice of forestry.
Tran, N., Stoochnoff, J., Graham, T., Downey, A., & Dixon, M. (2018). Irrigation management to enhance the quality, efficiency, and survival of transplanted nursery trees. Acta Horticulturae, 1205, 447–452. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1205.54
Trautman, W., & Iyer, J. (1967). Growth of Monterey pine seedlings in outwash sand improved by syenitic granite with excessive watering. Tree Planters’ Notes, 18(3), 27–29.
Ursic, S. J. (1961). Tolerance of Loblolly Pine Seedlings to Soil Moisture Stress. Ecology, 42(4), 823–825. https://doi.org/10.2307/1933515
Vaartaja, O., & Bumbieris, M. (1967). Organisms associated with root rots of conifers in South Australian nurseries. Plant Disease Report, 51, 473–476.
Vallas-Cuesta, J., Villar-Salvador, P., Peñuelas, R., Herrero, S., Domínguez, L., & Nicolás, P. (1999). Efecto del aviveramientoprolongado sin riegoen la calidad functional de los brinzales de Pinus halepensis y sudesarrolloen campo. Montes, 58, 51–58.
van den Driessche, R. (1969). Forest Nursery Handbook. 48, 124.
Venator, C. R., & Mexal, J. G. (1981). 20–24.
Villar-Salvador, P., Ocaña, L., Peñuelas, J., & Carrasco, I. (1999). Effect of water stress conditioning on the water relations, root growth capacity, and the nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrate concentration of Pinus halepensis Mill. (Aleppo pine) seedlings. ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE, 56(6), 459–465. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:19990602
Villar-Salvador, P., Penuelas, J. L., & Jacobs, D. F. (2013). Nitrogen nutrition and drought hardening exert opposite effects on the stress tolerance of Pinus pinea L. seedlings. Tree Physiology, 33(2), 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tps133
Villar-Salvador, P., Puértolas, J., Cuesta, B., Peñuelas, J. L., Uscola, M., Heredia-Guerrero, N., & Rey Benayas, J. M. (2012). Increase in size and nitrogen concentration enhances seedling survival in Mediterranean plantations. Insights from an ecophysiological conceptual model of plant survival. New Forests, 43(5–6), 755–770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-012-9328-6
Wallich, E., & Stevens, T. (2003). 144–150.
Walsh, C. (1954). Some relationships between certain climatic and edaphic factors and first year growth of loblolly pine seedlings (p. 74).
Wang, D., Fraedrich, S. W., Juzwik, J., Spokas, K., Zhang, Y., & Koskinen, W. C. (2006). Fumigant distribution in forest nursery soils under water seal and plastic film after application of dazomet, metam‐sodium and chloropicrin. Pest Management Science, 62(3), 263–273. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.1164
Warmund, M. R., Guinan, P., & Fernandez, G. (2008). Temperatures and Cold Damage to Small Fruit Crops Across the Eastern United States Associated with the April 2007 Freeze. HortScience, 43(6), 1643–1647. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.43.6.1643
Warsaw, A. L., Fernandez, R. T., Cregg, B. M., & Andresen, J. A. (2009). Container-grown Ornamental Plant Growth and Water Runoff Nutrient Content and Volume Under Four Irrigation Treatments. HortScience, 44(6), 1573–1580. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.44.6.1573
Wenny, D., & Dumroese, R. (1987). A growing regime for containerized ponderosa pine seedlings. 43, 9.
Werres, S., Wagner, S., Brand, T., Kaminski, K., & Seipp, D. (2007). Survival of Phytophthora ramorum in Recirculating Irrigation Water and Subsequent Infection of Rhododendron and Viburnum. Plant Disease, 91(8), 1034–1044. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-91-8-1034
White, S. A., Owen, J. S., Majsztrik, J. C., Oki, L. R., Fisher, P. R., Hall, C. R., Lea-Cox, J. D., & Fernandez, R. T. (n.d.). Greenhouse and Nursery Water Management Characterization and Research Priorities in the USA. Water, 11(11), 2338. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112338
Williams, H. M., South, D. B., & Webb, A. (1988). Effects of Fall Irrigation on Morphology and Root Growth Potential of Loblolly Pine Seedlings Growing in Sand. South African Forestry Journal, 147(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1988.9628963
Wilson, M. (2017). Optimization of overhead irrigation in relation to irrigation water use efficiency in the Louisiana nursery industry (p. 97).
Wright, J., & Benson, F. (1981). Cost comparisons of alternative irrigation systems (Vol. 34, p. 2).
Zaerr, J., Cleary, B., & Jenkinson, J. (1981). Scheduling irrigation to induce seedling dormancy. 74–79.
(n.d.-a). Effects of irrigation on Pinus radiata seedling development in the Benalla Nursery. In Victoria Forestry Commission, Forestry Technical Papers (pp. 27–36).
(n.d.-b). Growing trees for forest planting in Montana and Idaho. No. 120, 92.
(n.d.-c). Illustrated summary of Stuart Forest Nursery practice and research. 175.
(1944). Classes of shortleaf pine nursery stock for planting in the Missouri Ozarks. J For, 42(11), 818–826.
(1949). Nursery irrigation. 18–22.
(1954). Planting the southern pines. 233.
(1961). Aeration and other soil factors affecting southern pines as related to littleleaf disease. 1248, 30.
(1965a). Conifer nursery practice in the Prairie-Plains. 279, 98.
(1965b). Growth and winter injury of Douglas fir in a three-year providence demonstration. 50–63.
(1968). Development of Weyerhaeuser nurseries. 26–29.
(1971). The effect of plant moisture stress on the physiology and establishment of planted Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine seedlings (p. 85).
(1973a). Conditioning radiata pine seedlings to transplanting by restricted watering. NZJ For Sci, 54–69.
(1973b). Soil moisture effects on stomata aperture, plant water stress and growth of Scotch and loblolly pine seedlings (p. 22).
(1978). Growth and ectomycorrhizal development of lobloblly pine seedlings in nursery soil infested with Pisolithus tinctorius and Thelephoraterrestris in Virginia. 4 p.
(1981). Wilding nurseries for native species. No. 22, 222–227.
(1982a). Containerized seedling production in a shelterhouse system. 110–128.
(1982b). NOR-X-241, 55–59.
(1983). Irrigation according to PMS and tensiometer instruments. 36–40.
(1984). Physiological response of loblolly pine seedlings to moisture-stress conditioning and their subsequent performance during water stress (p. 198).
(1986). Water relations and associated morphology of conditioned Douglas-fir and jack pine seedlings subjected to periods of drought stress (p. 258).
(1989). Soil fumigation in southern United States forest tree nurseries. GTR RM-184, 52–57.
(1990a). Irrigation rate calculation for nursery crops. Tree Planters’ Notes, 41(4), 22–27.
(1995). Undercutting in loblolly and white pine seedbeds.
(2002a). Irrigation and fertilization type, rate and frequency of application. 30–34.
(2002b). Irrigation guidelines for bareroot forest nurseries. 64.
(2004). Dendrobiology, 52, 23–28.
(2005b). Retractable roof greenhouses and shadehouses. 73–75.
(2011). RMRS-P-65, 83–86.
(2012). Effects of extended cold storage on the survival and performance of container grown longleaf seedlings. 86–91.
(2014a). Evaluating Jack pine seedling characteristics in response to drought and outplanting (p. 97).
(2014b). Tree Planters’ Notes, 57(3), 23–31.
