Field performance of Austrian pine bareroot seedlings in comparision to seedlings pattern and density in the nursery
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21750/REFOR.11.03.91Keywords:
Austrian pine seedlings, morphological attributes, seedbed density, outplanting performance, survivalAbstract
The Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) is a species often used in afforestation/reforestation programs in Serbia and region. Seedlings quality has a great role in outplanting survival and growth. Nursery cultural practice has a central influence on seedlings morphological attributes, so we tested seedlings quality from different seedbed densities and seedlings patterns and their outplanting success. Two-year-old bareroot seedlings were grown in very high densities (110 seedlings m-1 in rows and 750 seedlings m-2 across all seedbed space) and high densities (65 seedlings m-1in rows and 450 seedlings m-2 across all seedbed space). Morphological attributes (root collar diameter - RCD, height - H, sturdiness coefficient - SQ, root length – Rl, dry weight of shoot - SDW and root - RDW, shoot to root ration - S:R and quality index - QI) of seedlings from different densities were tested in the nursery before outplanting and compare with seedlings survival and growth (root collar diameter – RCD1 and height – H1) one year after field growing. Seedlings from different densities had accepted RCD (>3 mm) for field planting and there were significant differences in their morphological attributes, except Rl and S:R. The best survival was recorded at seedlings from highest seedbed densities (93.33%), opposite with many previous researches. Seedlings grown across all seedbed space (450 seedlings per m-2) keep their advantage in growth after first year, although survival was lowest (46.67%).
Downloads
References
Annual Buletin for Serbia (2018). Republic Hydrometeorological Institute of Serbia (http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/data/klimatologija/latin/2018.pdf)
Benson AD, Shepherd KR (1976) Effect of nursery practice on Pinus radiata seedling characteristics and field performance: I. Nursery seedbed density. NZJ For Sci 6(1): 19-26.
Bernier PY, Lamhamedi MS, Simpson DG (1995) Shoot:Root ratio is of limited use in evaluating the quality of container conifer stock. Tree Planters’ Notes 46(3): 102-106.
Cseresnyés I, Tamás J (2014) Evaluation of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) plantations in Hungary with respect to nature conservation—A review. Tájökológiai Lapok 12(2): 267-284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56617/tl.3714
Cvjetićaninin R, Perović M (2010) Praktikum iz dendrologije. Beograd: Šumarski fakultet. [In Serbian]
Diaci J, Adamič T, Rozman A, Fidej G, Roženbergar D (2019) Conversion of Pinus nigra Plantations with Natural Regeneration in the Slovenian Karst: The Importance of Intermediate, Gradually Formed Canopy Gaps. Forests 10(12): 1136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f10121136
Dickson A, Leaf AL, Hosner JF (1960) Quality appraisal of white spruce and white pine seedling stock in nurseries. The Forest Chronicle 36: 10-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc36010-1
Driessche RVD (1982) Relationship between spacing and nitrogen fertilization of seedlings in the nursery, seedling size, and outplanting performance. Can J Forest Res 12(4), 865-875. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/x82-128
Dumroese RK, Landis TD, Pinto JR, Haase DL, Wilkinson KW, Davis AS (2016) Meeting forest restoration challenges: Using the target plant concept. Reforesta 1: 37-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21750/REFOR.1.03.3
Grossnickle SC (2012) Why seedlings survive: importance of plant attributes. New Forest 43:711–738. doi: 10.1007/s11056-012-9336-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-012-9336-6
Ivetić (2013) Praktikum iz semansrtva, rasadničarstva I pošumljavanja. Šumarski fakultet Univerzitet u Beogradu, 1-213. [In Serbian]
Ivetić V, Škorić M (2013) The impact of seeds provenance and nursery provenance method on Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) seedlings quality. Annals of Forest Research 56(2): 297-306.
Ivetić V, Grossnickle S, Škorić M (2016) Forecasting the field performance of Austrian pine seedlings using morphological attributes. iForest 10: 99-107. doi: 10.3832/ifor1722-009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1722-009
Ivetić V (2015) Reforestation in Serbia: Success or failure? In: Ivetić V, Stanković D (eds.) Proceedings: International conference Reforestation Challenges 03-06 June 2015, Belgrade, Serbia. Reforesta. pp. 1-12.
McTague JP, Tinus RW (1996) The effects of seedling quality and forest site weather on field survival of ponderosa pine. Tree planters notes 47: 16-23.
Mexal JG, Landis TD (1990) Target seedling concepts: height and diameter. In: Proceedings, western Forest nursery association, pp. 13-17.
Mexal JG, South DB (1991) Bareroot seedling culture. Forest regeneration manual 89-115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3800-0_6
Portothesi L, Consalvo M, Angelini A, Ferrari B, Barbati A, Castaldi C, Corona P (2013) Multifunctional management of mountain reforestations: thoughts and perspectives from a case study in Central Italy. L’Italia Forestale e Montana 68 (6): 305-315. http://dx.doi.org/10.4129/ ifm.2013.6.03 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4129/ifm.2013.6.03
Ranković N (2009) Afforestation in Serbia in the period 1961-2007 with special reference to Austrian pine and Scots pine. Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta 99: 115-134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/GSF0999115R
Roller KJ (1977) Suggested minimum standards for containerised seedlings in Nova Scotia. Department of Fisheries and Environment Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, Information Report M-X-69,18 p.
Rose R, Carlson WC, Morgan P (1990) The Target Seedling Concept. In: Rose R, Campbell SJ, Landis TD (eds) Target Seedling Symposium: Proc, Combined Meeting of the Western Forest Nursery Assoc. Gen Tech Rep RM-200. US Dept Agric Forest Serv Rocky Mtn Forest Range Exp Sta, Ft Collins, CO. 286 p.
SORS (2021) Statistical Office of Republic Serbia. https://www.stat.gov.rs/en-US/oblasti/poljoprivreda-sumarstvo-i-ribarstvo/sumarstvo
South DB (1993) Rationale for growing southern pine seedlings at low seedbed densities. New Forest 7(1): 63-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00037473
South DB (2000) Planting morphologically improved pine seedlings to increase survival and growth. Forestry and Wildlife Research Series Nº 1. Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station.
Stilinović S (1987) Seedling production of forest and decorative trees and shrubs. University of Belgrade, University book press, Belgrade, Serbia, pp. 455. [In Serbian]
Tomić Z, Rakonjac Lj, Isajev V (2011) Izbor vrsta za pošumljavanje i melioracije u centralnoj Srbiji, Institut za šumarstvo, Beograd. [In Serbian]
Tuttle CL, South DB, Golden MS, Meldahl RS (1988) Initial Pinus taeda seedling height relationships with early survival and growth. Can J Forest Res 18: 867-871. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/x88-133
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Jovana R Devetaković, Slavko Pavlović, Lučian Krinulović, Ivona Kerkez Janković
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License CCBY that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).